It is said that the noon prayer performed by a woman or man before Friday prayer ends and the congregation leaves is not accepted; is it true?

Dear Brother / Sister,

It is makruh to perform the noon prayer before Friday prayer without any excuse. In that case, it is mustahab for ill people, travelers and prisoners to perform the noon prayer after Friday is performed. Otherwise, they will have done a makruh deed. This is the sound view. It is also appropriate for women to act like that. (1)

If a person performs the noon prayer and goes to the mosque on Friday and follows the imam who is leading Friday prayer, his noon prayer becomes invalid – whether he is a traveler, an ill person or a slave. However, if he leaves his house with this intention and if the imam has finished Friday prayer before he comes to the mosque, his noon prayer is valid. There is unanimous agreement on it. (2)

If the imam has not completed Friday prayer when he leaves home but has completed it before he reaches the mosque, the noon prayer he has performed is not valid according to Abu Hanifa. According to the two imams, his noon prayer is valid. However, if he leaves home for something else, not with the intention of Friday prayer, his noon prayer is valid unanimously. (3)

Similarly, if a person intends to leave home for Friday prayer but if Friday prayer is performed while he is preparing, the noon prayer he performs is valid. (4)

If a person performs the noon prayer and leaves home for Friday prayer and if it is understood that the imam has not performed Friday prayer due to an excuse or without an excuse, there are various views regarding the issue; the soundest view is that his noon prayer is valid. 

If a person performs the noon prayer and leaves home for Friday prayer and if it is understood that the congregation has not performed Friday prayer due to a disaster or something similar, his noon prayer is not valid according to the sound view. (5)

In that case, if a person steps into action to perform Friday prayer after performing the noon prayer but if he hears that Friday prayer has been or is being performed before he leaves home, the noon prayer he has performed is valid. This is the general rule.

If a person performs the noon prayer and sits in the mosque, his noon prayer is not regarded as invalid until he starts to perform Friday prayer with the imam. Fiqh scholars agree unanimously on it.(6)

If a person who is ill performs the noon prayer at home and feels fine after it and goes to the mosque and performs Friday prayer with the congregation, his noon prayer becomes invalid and is transformed into a nafilah prayer. (7)

References:

(1) Celal Yıldırım, Kaynaklarıyla İslam Fıkhı, Uysal Publications: 1/499-500.
(2) Sharhu al-Kanz / Harawi.
(3) Al-Kafi / Hakim Shahid al-Marwazi.
(4) At-Tabyin / Zaylai.
(5) Fatawa al-Hindiyya - al-Kifaya.
(6) Bahr ar-Raiq / Ibn Nujaym.
(7) Fatawa al-Hindiyya.

(see Celal Yıldırım, Kaynaklarıyla İslam Fıkhı, Uysal Publications: 1/498-501)

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