ARE INSECTS, WHICH ARE PERFECT CREATURES ON EARTH, A PRODUCT OF EVOLUTION?

Prof. Dr. Levent ÜNLÜ
Selçuk University Faculty of Agriculture Plant Protection Department, KONYA.
[email protected]

Insects, which were created perfectly by the Sublime Creator, reached today in their original form, without undergoing any change. Different species have never emerged from one species. The data obtained from DNA barcoding methods today show that the variations in living beings remain within the species.

Evolution is a general concept that expresses gradual change. However, the meaning of evolution in the sense it is used in the theory of evolution will be discussed here because that is meant when evolution is said today. The word “evolution”expresses the occurrence of higher and more complex animals and plants during geological times, from primitive ancestors that had previously existed, through change and differentiation by chance.[1]

The efforts of the advocates of evolution to prove evolution do not go beyond drawing the transitional forms of their dreams with some of the bones they find.

The efforts of the advocates of evolution to prove evolution do not go beyond drawing the transitional forms of their dreams with some of the bones they find. Evolution is often confused with perfection. Perfection means becoming mature, becoming perfect gradually like a seed’s sprouting and becoming a sapling, and a sapling’s becoming a tree, a zygote’s transformation into a baby, the baby’s transformation into a child and the child’s transformation into an adult.

Entomology is the science that examines insects and Palaeoentomology is the science that examines prehistoric insects. Insects, which consist of a few million species, were created a long time ago and were assigned some tasks on the earth. We can understand this by looking at the ecological balance. The insects, which have lived on earth for perhaps millions of years, die by completing the tasks assigned to them, some living for a day, some for a week or a month.

Although human beings are not aware, insects are very useful to the earth. We benefit directly from the products of some insects such as honey and silk; the insects that feed on harmful organisms, that provide pollination, that are used in scientific studies, and that feed on garbage and carrion benefit us.

When insect fossils, DNA sequencing in insects, and pheromones are studied, it is understood that there is no evolution in insects and that their ancestors are insects.

One of the direct products of insects that we benefit from is silk. Silkworm, was cultivated for the first time in China in 2600 BC. The silk, which was first produced by the Chinese more than 4000 years ago, started to be produced in Anatolia, and then in Europe, after how it was produced was kept as a secret for many years. It is known that it has been produced in Anatolia for about 1500 years.[2]

Another insect product is honey. The first traces of bee culture can be traced back to the Neolithic Age, 5000 BC in the Middle East.[3] Both insects continue to perform their duties without showing any changes for many years.

When insect fossils, DNA sequencing in insects, and pheromones are studied, it is understood that there is no evolution in insects and that their ancestors are insects.

Insect Fossils

When geologic ages are studied, it is understood that insects lived millions of years ago. Insect fossils are now exhibited in museums around the world. Paris Natural History Museum, London Natural History Museum, Sichuan (Western China) Insect Museum, New York Museum of Natural History, Denmark Museum of Natural History are just a few of them.

It is estimated that insects began to live in geological times and performed many activities necessary for humans.As a result of research conducted throughout history, it was found that the first insect fossil was Strudiella devonica. This fossil,which was found in the southeast of Belgium by French and Belgian scientists, aroused interest in the scientific community not only because it belonged to the Devonian period, but also because it was the oldest insect found as a whole. This fossil, which is in the Museum of Natural History of Paris, belongs to an insect called Strudiella devonica; it is 8 mm long and 1.7 mm wide.The insect has a triangular mouth, antennae, six legs in the chest, and an abdominal region consisting of ten segments.[4]

Another insect fossil was unearthed in 1920 by the Australian scientist Robin John Tillyard; it iskept at the Natural History Museum in London. The team investigating the fossil includes David A. Grimaldi, the curator of entomology at the American Museum of Natural History and a professor at the University of Kansas, and Michael S. Engel from the same university. Dr. Grimaldi stated that the insect in the fossil was 5 mm in size and had wings. Dr. Engel said that the first insects fed on plants. It was determined that the fossil belonged to one of the oldest insect species called“Rhyniognatha hirsti”. Dr. Grimaldi noted that the fossil in question was aged between 396 and 407 million years.[5]

Similarly, another fossil insect belongs to a dragonfly, which is said to be from the Cretaceous period of 142 million to 65 million years ago.[6]

Researchers at the Paleobiology Department of the University of Colorado in the United States showed the fossil insect collection. They reported that there were more than 120,000 insects, spiders, leaves, flowers, fish and other vertebrates in the sediments that settled at the bottom of large lakes about 48 million years ago in Colorado, Utah, and part of Wyoming.[7] Fossil insects provide a unique depth record of ecological response to the past environmental changes and are therefore invaluable for understanding the impact of climate change on the current biodiversity crisis.

Some rare insect fossils, including the ant that is believed to be 165 million years old, are kept in the Insect Museum in Sichuan Province, China. The fossils consist of the oldest ants, dragonflies and bees; it is stated that most of them date back to the Jurassic period. Scientists also discovered the butterfly-like fossil beetle from the deep Mesozoic period.[8]

In Denmark, there are fossil insects, spiders, etc. at the Museum of Natural History in Copenhagen. There are approximately 8000 fossils, most of which have not yet been examined. In Utah (USA), the fossil of an insect (Curculionidae) was found in the green sea.[9] Likewise, it is stated that fossils of scorpion flies from Mecoptera order belonging to the Lower Cretaceous (~ 125 million) period also exist in theprovinces ofLiaoning and Hebei (China).[10]

The larvae of the Ephemeropsis trisestalis (Ephemeroptera) insect of one day order in Liaoning, China was exhibited in the insect museum. It was recorded that the heteroptera which were estimated to have lived in Late Aptian-Cenomanian period, fed on aquatic organisms and acted as predators.[11]

A fossil cockroach from the Early Cretaceous Period was found in Brazil. This fossil is estimated to belong to the Lower Cretaceous, Late Aptian-Cenomanian (108 to 92 million years ago).[12]

DNA Sequencing in Insects

Another evidence showing that there is no evolution in insects is the DNA sequence or DNA barcoding in their bodies. In the past, the identification of insects was made by looking at the morphological characters but now the systematics of insects are made by DNA barcoding, which is one of the modern ways of diagnosis. The data obtained from DNA barcoding methods today show that the variations in living beings remain within the species. The fact that each species has different DNA sequencing indicates that there is no evolution in individuals.

Insect Pheromones

It is also a known fact that pheromones used in the communication by insects have been the same for millions of years. Pheromones are the secretion of attractive odor glands, which areamong the exocrine glands of insects. Those odors are used in the communication by insects belonging to the same species. The fact that each species has different pheromones is one of the most important evidences that insects have not evolved.

Conclusion

Bergman reports that insects form a powerful test ground for any theory of evolution.[13]

All fossil remains prove that insects did not evolve and that each came from a created ancestor.

The reason for this is that the external structures are often preserved in perfect detail in the fossil record. Many textbook discussions for evolution are largely based on vertebrate bones. However, vertebrate bone fossils lack the soft tissues that contain the most important information about the differences among species. Darwinists rarely discuss insects in Arthropoda as evidence for evolution.

Bergman states that Chap Chapman, the leading reference of insects, never mentioned the origin of insects[14] and that Gould, who has an evolutionary view, avoids mentioning the issue of insects.[15]

More than one million species of living insects have been identified so far. If all the insects in the 33 insect orders had evolved without an ancestor insect, many transitional forms would have lived. However, numerous fossil record have shown that there is no evidence for insect evolution.

In conclusion, all fossil remains prove that insects did not evolve and that each came from a created ancestor. In addition, the importance of insects in ecological balance, and all the measure in all of their systems and order are too subtle to be attributed to coincidence. Such a conscious system cannot be the work of unconscious coincidence.

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[2] Anonymous, 2017b. https://www.tatliaskim.com/hayvanlar-alemi/434367-ipek-bocekleri.html 15.11.2017
[3] Anonymous, 2017c. http://farmersguru.com/index.php/bal/tarih-ve-arkeolojide-aricilik   15.11.2017
[4] Anonymous, 2017d. https://www.dunya.com/gundem/en-eski-eksiksiz-bocek-fosili-bulundu-haberi-181184     14.11.2017.
[5] Anonymous, 2017e. http://arsiv.ntv.com.tr/news/256756.asp   14.11.2017.
[6] Anonymous, 2017f. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2709629/The-beauty-fossilised-insects-.html     10.11.2017.
[7] Anonymous, 2017g. http://paleobiology.si.edu/FossiLab/projects.html       10.11.2017.
[8] Anonymous, 2017h. https://australianmuseum.net.au/dragonflies-and-damselflies-order-odonata    14.11.2017.
[9] Anonymous, 2017i. http://facweb.furman.edu/~wworthen/bio440/evolweb/devonian/rhyniognatha.htm    14.11.2017.
[10] Anonymous, 2017j. http://fossilinsects.colorado.edu/         10.11.2017
[11] Anonymous, 2017k. http://www.india.com/buzz/rare-insect-fossils-to-be-exhibited-in-china-579620/      10.11.2017.
[12] Anonymous, 2017l. https://phys.org/news/2016-02-paleobotanists-jurassic-butterflies.html     10.11.2017
[13] Bergman, J., 2004. Insect evolution: a major problem for Darwinism. TJ 18(2):91-97, 2004.
[14] Chapman, R.F., 1998. The Insects; Structure and Function, 9^th edition, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1998.
[15] Gould, S.J., 2002. The Structure of Evolutionary Theory, Belknap Press of Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 2002.