Does Allah have to be one?

- Can you explain it philosophically or perhaps scientifically?
- The Quran says, “there would have been confusion (disorder) in the universe”, which is a perfectly logical explanation. What other reasoning is there?
 - Other than the Quranic argument that “there would have been confusion (disorder) in the universe”, what other reasoning can be put forward?

Dear Brother / Sister,

“Does Allah have to be one?” or “Why does Allah have to be one?” is a form of questioning that challenges reason and logic. How reasonable would it be for any of us if we asked the same question of ourselves? For example: “Why am I this and not that?” or “Do I have to be my father’s son?”; it would be absurd because realities are not possibilities; they are happenings. And happenings have to be accepted as they are. Otherwise, if you asked, “Does that sun have to be one?”, you would be underestimating reason because you would be playing with a reality that has no other possibility.

We can explain the other part of the question as follows:

1) First of all, Allah is one. Can He call Himself “two or three” though He is one?

2) The fact that all the prophets who came agreed on the “oneness of Allah” shows that it is an indisputable truth.

3) “If there were, in the heavens and the earth, other gods besides Allah, there would have been confusion in both.” (al-Anbiya, 21/22) In the verse above, the truth of tawhid (which looks at the whole universe) is shown through the window of the mystery of unity. Attention is drawn to the position of the universe from a total perspective.

4) “Allah puts forth a Parable a man belonging to many partners at variance with each other, and a man belonging entirely to one master: are those two equal in comparison? Praise be to Allah. but most of them have no knowledge.” (az-Zumar, 39/29) The verse above draws attention to the situation of each individual being from the perspective of the mystery of oneness (which means that Allah is present with each and every individual, from atoms to the largest celestial unit, with His knowledge and power).

According to the lessons given by those two verses, if there were, for example, two gods, not only would the entire universe be out of order, but no human being or ant would have peace and security. The order and regularity of atoms and galaxies would be upset.

5) Dozens of proofs of tawhid are mentioned in the Risale-i Nur Collection. You can look at those wonderful works.

Questions on Islam