Why are those who err in their beliefs are not forgiven?

Allah states in the Quran that man is prone to err; that is, erring is inherent in human nature. If a person is forced to choose a religion and, after researching, willingly chooses Christianity or Buddhism, considering it perfect from his own perspective, will he not have made a mistake in making that decision? According to Islam, this person is regarded to have committed polytheism (shirk: associating partners with Allah), which is an unforgivable sin; yet, he believes he is on the right path. How can it be explained?

Dear Brother / Sister,

Choosing a religion other than Islam in matters of belief in Allah is a grave mistake and sin; it is explained in the Quran that such a person will not be forgiven unless he repents.

Why is polytheism unforgivable?

Allah states the following about polytheism in the Quran:

“Allah forgiveth not that partners should be set up with Him; but He forgiveth anything else, to whom He pleaseth.” (an-Nisa, 48)

What is meant here is this: If a person dies in a state of polytheism and does not repent, this sin is unforgivable.

However, if he repents before he dies, Allah may forgive him.

Error and denial are not the same thing.

Islamic scholars divide human error into two categories:

a) An unintentional mistake

Some scholars say that a person can be excused if he has not had the opportunity to reach the truth or if the message has not been conveyed correctly to him.

As a matter of fact, the following is stated in a verse: “…Nor would We visit with Our Wrath until We had sent an apostle (to give warning).” (al-Isra, 15)

This verse shows that there will be no punishment until the truth reaches one.

b) To reject the truth after it has reached one.

If a person knowingly rejects the truth of Islam, he is held accountable.

The following is stated in a verse: “If anyone desires a religion other than Islam, never will it be accepted of him.” (Aal-i Imran, 85)

A person might think it is true.

A person might think he is on the right path from his own perspective. However, according to Islam, sincere inquiry, the intention to seek the truth, and avoiding conceit toward the truth are important.

Therefore, Allah is the one who knows best the condition of people, and He is the one who will give the final judgment about them.

“Verily thy Lord will judge between them on the Day of Judgment, in the matters wherein they differ (among themselves).” (as-Sajda 25)

Therefore, Allah is the one who knows people’s intentions, knowledge, and conditions best.

To sum up:

Polytheism is a sin that is unforgivable if one dies without repenting. However, if a person becomes a believer before death, he is forgiven.

There are scholars who say that those to whom the truth has not reached or those who have not known it correctly will not be held accountable. Allah is the one who knows best the hearts and intentions of people.

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