Most Read in the Category of Knowing the Creator and understanding Creation through Questions

1-) Question 1: How long is it since the creation of the first man?

ABSTRACT

One of the most difficult issues of scientific studies is to express opinions about the past of life because it is not possible to experience or relive the past in the laboratory. Another reason for the difficulty of the issue is the fact that the current laws of physics and chemistry did not function when beings were first created. For, time, space and beings, that is, everything was created out of nothing.

The values put forward by science and philosophy and the values reported by the holy resources about the date of the creation of the first man are discussed separately in this study.

According to the fossil record, the first appearance of life on earth is regarded as about 2 billion years before today. It is stated that today's human beings appeared on the earth during the Holocene period about 25 thousand years ago.

All heavenly religions state that man was created by Allah. Although there are some differences in various denominations and interpretations of Judaism, Christianity and Islam, there is consensus on creation. Heavenly religions agree that matter is not pre-eternal, that the universe has a beginning and an end, that the world was created by Allah, that it will be destroyed by Allah too and that a new realm will start after that.

It is necessary to know the meanings of the terms day and year informed by Allah in order to understand the past of beings and humanity.

The age of humanity should be calculated based on the movement of the earth around its axis. On the other hand, the period from the first moment of life on earth to the apocalypse should be calculated based on the movement of the sun around its axis. In addition, the age of the universe should be calculated by the day occurring as a result of the movement of Vega star around its own axis.

In other words, the age of humanity is seven thousand years, and the age of the living beings is seven thousand years; similarly, the age of the universe is seven thousand years too. However, the age of humanityshould be evaluated based on earth day, the age of plant and animal life based on solar day and the life of the universe based on Vega Star day.

If the age of humanity is seven thousand years based on earth day, the period between the beginning of life, that is, the formation of plants and animals, to Doomsday will be approximately two hundred thousand years based on solar day, which is about two and a half billion earth days. Considering that one Vega day is fifty thousand years based on earth day as the Quran indicates it, the age of the universe, the period of seven thousand years, will be equal to 126 billion years based on the calculation of one year as 360 days.

Keywords: Age of humanity, Age determination, Earth day and sun day.

DIFFICULTY OF UNDERSTANDING THE PAST

It is seen that people, especially young people, perceive the figures based on age determinations related to the past as definite values. However, no being that dies is buried with its birth certificate. Therefore, the age of a being is tried to be found out through some methods and comparisons. Thus, the values that are obtained are often estimated and approximate figures.

In order to understand what this means, we will briefly mention the methods commonly used in determining the ages of both living beings and non-living beings. They are as follows:

1-Age Determination Methods According to Philosophical Views and the Age of Humanity

2-The Age of Humanity According to Demographic Calculations

3-The Age of Humanity According to Heavenly Religions

1.1-AGE DETERMINATION METHODS ACCORDING TO PHILOSOPHICAL VIEWS AND THE AGE OF HUMANITY

The past of man is shaped according to Darwinism in science today. According to this view, human beings emerged from other living beings in the form of a chain through evolution and the ape, the ancestor of man, emerged about 500,000 years ago.

Various methods are used to determine the age of the universe, the age of living beings and the age of human beings.

The age of the universe, that is, the time that passed from the creation of the universe to the present day, is calculated by the formulas developed by taking into account the speed of the galaxies moving away, which came into being out of nothing and which were formed as matter.

The most reliable source about the past of living things is fossils. The earth is divided into five time periods based on the existing fossils. They are as follows:

Early Era (Cryptozoic), PrimaryEra (Paleozoic), SecondaryEra (Mesozoic), TertiaryEra (Cenozoic) and QuaternaryEra (Tropozoic). They include subdivisions like Periods and Epochs.

Fossils of Algae were found in the rocks of the Antecambrian Period of the Early Era. Therefore, it is estimated that the first life started in this era, approximately 2 billion years ago, with algae. The algae, whichalso exist today, live in seas and lakes.

The earth was separated from the sun, was placed in its current orbit and formed a crust by cooling over time. It is suitable in terms of wisdom and practice that the algae, which are suitable for the living conditions in these seas and which can feed on little food, were created with the formation of the seas.

In parallel with the development of the conditions on earth about 550 million years ago, in the Cambrian Era, Trilobites, Mollusks and Brachiopods like mussels having two cells were seen.

As it can be seen, biologically different plant and animal species coexist in the same geological periods. For example, the diversity in the carboniferous period is not a continuation of species in terms of structure and shape as evolutionists claim.

Similarly, there is no chainin which living beings resemble one another in successive periods. It is understood that each of the higher plants and animals was created separately in accordance with the developed environmental conditions (Table 1).

The living groups sent to the earth have remained unchanged since the era when they emerged.

Some big living groups such as Dinosaurs lived and disappeared for some reason in the past. Dinosaurs were created with characteristics peculiar to them and were eliminated by the creator afterwards.

Radioactive age determination methods are used based on geological and paleontological methods in determining the age of living and non-living beings.¹

1.1.1-Geological Dating

Comparison is essential in this method. For instance, if the carboniferous land in a region resembles the land in another region in terms of rocks, fossils and morphological structure, it is decided that the land in the second region has the same carboniferous age.

1.1.2-Paleontological Dating

In this method, the age of the rock is determined based on the types of fossils the rock includes.In geological eras, there were fossils that existed for short spans of time and vanished. They are called “Characteristic or Key Fossils” or “Layer-Determining Fossils”(Table 1).

Table 1.Characteristic organisms used in determining the age of geological eras.

Layer-determining fossils are like calendars in a sense and they are of significant importance in determining the geological age of the sediment they are located in. For instance, Trilobites, which emerged suddenly at the beginning of the Paleozoic Era, spread to a large area in a very short time and suddenly disappeared at the end of the Paleozoic Era. Therefore, the age of sediment in which Trilobites exit is Paleozoic. Similarly, Ammonites indicate the Mesozoic, Nummulites the Tertiary and mammals the Quaternary age.

Judging by characteristic fossils that lived in different ages and eras, “Geological Columns”, which display the age of each era and layer-determining fossils they include, have been formed. With the help of a characteristic fossil which might be found in an area, the age of that area is determined from that geological column.

We have mentioned above that the ages of rocks are determined based on the index fossils they contain. However, how do we know which index fossils show which age? The answer is "Evolution". In other words, since it is claimed that evolution takes place in the same way all over the world, the evolution stages of organisms living in a certain age are regarded as an unerring criterion to recognize the sediments stored in that age.

The only way to arrange the rocks in chronological order is through fossils. The criterion required to put fossils in a specific place in this chronology is the idea that "life evolves from simple to complex".

The evolution of living beings is built on fossil record. The evidence of evolution is fossils. Fossils are arranged in chronological order according to the idea of evolution. Thus, the issue turned into a strong system of reasoning in the form of a vicious circle.²

It is stated as follows that the only evidence showing that life evolved from simple forms is fossils:

“Fossils provide the only evidence based on historical data that life evolves from the simple to the complex.³

1.1.3- Age Determination through RadioactiveMethod

The most important radioactive elements are uranium thorium and carbon 14 (C¹⁴).

a-Uranium Method

Uranium has two isotopes. The first one is U²³⁸, whose half-life is 4.5 billion years. The other one is U²³⁵, whose half-life of is 0.7 billion years. They generate lead isotopes as follows by giving off definite proportions of Helium atom:

b-Thorium Method

The half-life of Thorium (Th²³²) is 14,1 billion of years. By giving off definite proportions of Helium atom, they generate lead isotopes

Three isotopes of lead exist in galenite (PbS), which is a normal lead mineral. It is possible to find Pb²⁰⁴, which is another isotope of lead, in any layer that contains these elements. That is why, it is called "common lead". Although the amount of the other isotopes always increased throughout geologic eras, the amount of Pb²⁰⁴ always remained the same. Therefore, the importance of Pb²⁰⁴ in finding radiometric age is great. In a mineral that contains lead, when the amount of Pb²⁰⁴ is subtracted from the general amount of lead, the Pb isotopes that are the outcome of radioactive degradation remain. When their amounts are determined, the age of the mineral they are located in is found.

Objectionable Aspects of UraniumAge Determination Methods

It is possible to summarize theobjectionable aspects of the methods of age determination depending on radioactive decay of uranium as follows:

1. Uranium minerals are always found in open systems.

Since the rock consisting uranium is not in a closed system, it is exposed to external effects. For instance, uranium can easily resolve in ground water. Radon gas, an intermediate element, may easily pass inside or outside the uranium system.

Henry Fauld, an expert on radioactive age determination, points out to the following regarding the issue:

“In geological time, both uranium and lead translocated in shale. Detailed analysis showed appropriate ages have not been determined with these elements. Similar drawbacks are encountered in attempts of age determination of mineral ores which consist uranium and radium. It is known that different ages are found on samples taken from the same points and plenty of chemical activities took place”.⁴

2. The disintegration rate of uranium might be changeable.

Since radioactive degradation is controlled by atomic structure, it is not easily affected by other events. Nevertheless, factors that are able to affect atomic structures might also affect radioactive disintegration rate. The most outstanding example to this is cosmic radiation and neutrinos.

Another example is free neutrinos that come out of reactors or that are generated out of various reasons. If anything that might increase the amount of these particles on the earth is to occur, it is sure to accelerate radioactive disintegration rates.

3. Daughter elements might have been present therein where the layer began to form. It is possible that radiogenic daughter elements generated by the disintegration of uranium and thorium might have been already present when these minerals began to form. It has been found today that rocks produced by lava flowing through the internal layers of the earth consist of both radiogenic and combined lead.

4. All of the daughter elements might not be peculiar to that layer. All of the daughter elements produced by radioactive disintegration might not remain in the same layer; other daughter elements produced in a different layer might have moved there.

5-It is not possible to determine for a rock containing a radioactive element how much time passed before thatradioactive element existed in it.

c-RadiocarbonFourteen (C¹⁴) Method

Radiocarbon is the name given to the unstable isotope Carbon fourteen (C¹⁴). Carbon twelve (C¹²) is called “natural carbon” and it is not radioactive. Radiocarbon is produced from the reactions among nitrogen-fourteen (N14) in the atmosphere, as a result of cosmic radiation in the superior layer of atmosphere. Itshalf-life is 5730 years.

Carbon-14, which is generated in the atmosphere, is immediately oxidized as CO2 and spreads to the air, water and to living organisms. Normally, the ratio of radioactive carbon dioxide and non-radioactive carbon dioxide (C¹⁴/C¹²) in the air is fixed and it is accepted that 100 years should pass so that this fixed rate can be reached.

The ratio of C¹⁴/C¹² in living organisms should be fixed as well. The equality of this ratio does not change as long as the organism is alive. However, when the organism dies, the ratio of C¹⁴ to C¹² decreases gradually since the organism cannot take CO2 in from the air any longer. When this decreasing ratio reaches 1/2, the length of time from the death of that organism must be 5730 years because the half-life of C¹⁴ is 5730 years.

Radiocarbon-fourteen method can only be used to determine the ages around 80 thousand years at most. For older materials, uranium method is applied.

Objectionable Aspects of Radiocarbon-FourteenAge

Determination Method

Radiocarbon-fourteen method is criticized because it is based on some assumptions. Here are the opposed points:

1. A number of living systems do not have the standard ratio of C¹⁴/C¹². Carbon-14 method is based on an assumption claiming that when all living organisms die, they include a standard ratio of C¹⁴/C¹². Nevertheless, many samples did not display this ratio. For example, with this method, the age of living mollusks was determined to be 2300 years old. Such ratio shows that the environment the organism is in includes higher amount of C¹⁴ than expected and therefore, there is an exchange of carbon between the organism and the environment.⁵

2. Radiocarbon might not decrease at a stable rate in each organism. Radiocarbon disintegration is influenced by environmental radioactivity, especially free neutrons and cosmic radiation, and their disintegration rates change as a result.

3.The rate of natural carbon might have been different in the past.

In the past, the vegetation was either more or less than it is now on the earth. The ratio of C¹⁴/C¹², therefore, is to be higher or lower. For this reason, the radiocarbon age of the materials of these periods is to be measured older or younger than the true age. The same thing applies to the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. If volcanoes had emitted carbon dioxide in the past, the amount of carbon dioxide at that time should be different than it is now.

4. The rate of radiocarbon might not have reached a stable condition. It is assumed that the ratio of C¹⁴/C¹² reaches a stable condition at a certain length of time. In other words, the amount of C¹⁴ in the atmosphere is equal to the amount of C¹⁴ disintegrated on the earth. For this reason, the incoming and outgoing amount of C¹⁴ needs to be equal. However, there are some things which prove that this is not always like that. As a matter of fact, it is stated that the measurable amount of radiocarbon generated in a year on the earth is 25% more than the amount of disintegrated radiocarbon^,,6,7,8

Conclusion

Both radioactive method and other methods used to determine the age of geological and archaeological materials are not as sensitive as they are desired since they are based on a number of assumptions and predictions. For this reason, some doubts arise on the correctness of ages determined. However, as there are similar errors in age-determination of every material, findings are important in terms of being approximate ages rather than exact ages. For example, material A, which is found to be 150 million years old, is three times older than material B, which is found to be 50 million years old. That is to say, if material B is 15 thousand years old indeed, the material A should be 45 thousand years old.

There are no other alternatives that can give better results for the methods mentioned above.

It is seen that the coexistence of different species in a certain period does not confirm the evolutionist claim that a species came into being in a chain from simple to perfect with the living beings existing in the periods before and after them, and that species were created completely independently from one another.

1.1.4-Fossils put forward as man’s ancestor

According to the evolutionist view, the ape and the man hada common ancestor in the past. It is claimed that the first ancestor was Parapithecus. The information about Parapithecus is based on two molar teeth on a jawbone found in Egypt. It is estimated tobe 38 million years old.

However, this being does not have the dental specialization seen in the apescoming after it. It is claimed that one arm of this beingbrought about the old-world monkeys today andthat the other arm brought about humanoid monkeys and the ancestor of man. However, there are different opinions in this regard. For, the fossils that were found in the Oligocene period and that belong to the Parapithecus are very insufficient and it is not clear which group they belong to.⁹

Ramapitheus, Australopithecus and Homo erectus are put forward as a continuation of this series However, no systematic link has been established between above-mentioned forms so far.(Table 2).

Table2- The imaginary table put forward by evolutionists as the evolutionary scheme of man.

It has been proved that all of the fossils put forward as the ancestor of man were fake and that they belonged to different living beings.

Despite this, the view that man and ape have a common ancestor, which is a positivist ideology based on atheism, has been insistently and systematically presented as scientific information to the societies in the world. We will mention them briefly:

a- Ramapithecus (Long-armed ape),

b-Australopithecus (Southern ape)

c- Java Man(Pithecanthropus erectus) (Homo erectus)

a-Ramapithecus (Long-armed ape)

This primate, which is known from its jawbone and which is assumed to have lived in Pliocene, that is, about 14 million years ago, is regarded as “ape man”. It is claimed that the chin and tooth structures of it resemble those of man.

It is stated in the latest research on the teeth of Ramapithecusthat the chin and tooth structures of it resemble those of chimpanzees, not man.¹⁰

It is accepted in the research on the fossil of Ramapithecusthat they resemble monkeys with high structure like chimpanzees and gorillas morphologically, ecologically and in terms of behavior. There is no evidence showing that it walked upright.¹¹

b-Australopithecus (Southern ape)

This name was given to various fossils found by Louis Leakey and many others in East Africa. The fossils found by Dart were named as “Australopithecus africanus” (African man). Then, the following were included in the same group: Zinjanthropus, Paranthropus, Pleisanthropus, Telanthropus and Homo habilis. Australopithecus is proposed as a hominid being that lived two to three million years ago, walked upright and used coarse tools. The brain volume is about 500 cc, the same as in some monkeys with high structure. Its teeth are claimed to be similar to those of Ramapithecus.

Australopithecuswas grouped under two types. One of them is Australopithecus africanus and the other is Australopithecus robustus.

1-Australopithecus africanus (African Man)

It was found in Africa by Dart in 1924. It has small teeth, small jaws and a thin structure. The volume of the skull is estimated to be about 1/3 of today’s human being, i.e. 500 cc; its age is estimated to be 1.8-2.6 million years (Figure 1).

Figure 1. African Man (Australopithecus africanus) (Lucy Man). It is stated that each of the fossils in this skeleton belongs to different living beings. The lower left image was drawn based on this skeleton.

2-Australopithecus boisei (robustus, zinjanthropus)

This form is regarded as a variant of Australopithecus robustus. It was discovered in 1959 by Leakey in Tanzania. It has very thick teeth and thick jaws; its upper temple bones protrude as in gorillas and orangutans. The teeth arch and the jaw curve are very parabolic. It is similar to orangutans and chimpanzees of higher apes. The skull volume is stated to be 500 cc and the age is 2 million years.

It is claimed based on some pieces of the pelvis, arm and foot bones of both Australopithecusafricanus and Australopithecusrobustus that Australopithecus was an upright walking being.¹²

Oxnard and Zuckerman, who investigated the Australopithecus fossil for years, state that Australopithecus is not an upright walking being. Oxnard and Zuckerman’s multi-faceted statistical research on Australopithecus africanus’ hand, wrist, foot, shoulder and pelvic bones shows that they do not resemble man, but orangutan and chimpanzee.¹³

Zuckerman, who worked with a team on Australopithecus africanusfor 15 years states the following:

“It is impossible for Australopithecus africanusto be the ancestor of man”.¹⁴

Montagu states that all Australopithecus resemble monkeys with high structure (apes) in their head structure.¹⁵

c- Java Man (Pithecanthropus erectus) (Homo erectus)

It is accepted that Java man lived about 500 thousand years ago. It is stated that it walked upright and that its brain volume was 1000 cc.

In 1887, the Dutch anatomist Eugene Dubois set out with his wife and children to Java, a Dutch colony in East India, as “a health care worker for the Dutch army”.

Some prisoners were sent to the excavation by the Solo River near the village of Trinil, and soldiers were assigned the duty of controlling of the excavation. It is stated that Dubois did not participate in the field work in these excavations and that he examined the findings of the workers brought to him periodically at home.¹⁶

In 1891, Dubois put aside a tooth and a skull found one month after the other in the same fossil bed among the bones that were brought to him. However, their exact location could not be determined because they were not recorded during the excavation.

A few months later, however, the prisoners found a femur at the same site. Dubois combined these pieces to form Pithecanthropus erectus (Upright Walking Ape-Man). The brain volume of this being was about 900 cc. A small molar tooth was found in 1898. It was stated that those teeth also belonged to Pithecanthropus said. The age of this being was estimated to be 500 thousand years (Figure 2).

When Dubois introduced those fossils at the International Congress of Zoology held in Leyden in 1895, the British zoologists claimed that those fossils belonged to man, the Germans claimed that they belonged to human-like apes, and the French stated that they belonged to a transition form between a higher form of ape and man

Figure 7. The picture of Java Man (Homo erectus), which is assumed to be the “ancestor of man”, drawn based on the fossils

According to some, it is certain that Java man is “man’s ancestor”. As a matter of fact, Atıf Şengün expresses it as follows:

“The being that was seen about 700 thousand years ago and that is certainly the ancestor of today’s man is Java Man (Pithecantropus erectus)”.¹⁷

Koenigswald is of the opinion that the big molar tooth of Java Man belongs to an orangutan and the small one to a human. He states that the skull is similar to that of chimpanzees and gibbons.¹⁸

The being called “Java Man” is in fact a chimpanzee or gorilla type of ape. The skull of the ape was combined with the human thigh bone and that it was given the name “Pithecanthropus erectus”.¹⁹

As a matter of fact, Dubois admitted thirty years later that the being he presented as Java Man (Pithecanthropus erectus) was actually a big gibbon monkey.²⁰

This explanation of Dubois is included as follows in the Encyclopedia of Archeology:

“At first, there was much opposition to the status implied by the name the ape-man, ‘who walked erect’, but it became generally accepted though Dubois himself finally changed his mind and said that the fossils he found belonged to a giant ape, but this skull gained general acceptance”.²¹

Oddly enough, some scientists, especially the ones in the Islamic world, interpret verses of the Quran and hadiths by accepting this Java Man (Homo erectus group), which is claimed to be the ancestor of human beings, as a fact. It was like that in the past and now some people insistently claim that this fossil is the common ancestor of man and ape. If it is gullibility, it is not possible to understand such gullibility.

Almost none of the fossil materials belonging to the past have integrity. In other words, the fossil material at hand represents a very small part of the organism to whichit is claimed to belong. The fact that parts belonging to different organisms were brought together with the assumption that they belong to one species plays a major role in it. In addition, there may be big errors in fossil age determinations.

It has been proved that the beings such as Peking Man, Piltdown Man and Nebraska Man, which have been put forward by Darwinists as the ancestor of man up to now, were ape fossils that were deliberately or mistakenly assembled and some of which were shaped with plaster.²²

d-The Confessions of Darwinists about the Ancestor of Man

Some evolutionist scientists who approach the issue through the eyes of an impartial scientist admit that the ancestor of man is not based on an ape or a lower being but that the ancestor of man was created independently. One of them, Schiller states that the human species emerged differently from other living beings with the following statement:

“The fossils about the past of man could not show the transitional forms that were expected. After that, it can easily be said that we did not evolve from a being lower than man and that we come from our own lineage”.²³

Robert Eckhardt, Professor of Anthropology at Pennsylvania State University, states that there is no fossil showing the existence of man’s ancestor as follows:

“In the Hominoids series, there is no fossil with a morphology showing that man has a hominid ancestor”.²⁴

The famous paleontologist David Pilbeam states that the materials that are available are insufficient to decide about the past of man:

“Introductory books - or book reviews - are hardly the place to argue that perhaps generations of students of human evolution, including myself, have been flailing about in the dark: that our data base is too sparse, too slippery, for it to be able to mold our theories.”.²⁵

David Pilbeam states that the theories they put forward in the past were ideological as follows:

“I am aware of the settled presuppositions in us about the past of man. I really try hard to remove them from my mind. Our theories in the past reflected our ideology at that time rather than the real information we had.”²⁶

Geoffrey Clark, Arizona State University anthropologist, attracts attention to the fact that they moved based on a bias and preconception related to determining the past of man as follows in the book he wrote in 1997:

“Scientists have been trying to arrive at a consensus about modern human origins for more than a century. Why have they not been successful? It is because paleoanthropologists proceed from such different biases, preconceptions and assumptions. Thus, explanatory models of human evolution are little more than a house of cards — remove one card... and the whole structure of inference is threatened with collapse”.²⁷

Michael Ruse, the Canadian evolutionist and biology philosopher complains that evolution was transformed into a “religion”:

“If people want to make a religion of evolution, that is their business.However, they go beyond the strict science, moving into moral and social claims, thinking of their theory as an all-embracing world picture, and there is a slide from science”.²⁸

Henry Gee, a senior editor of the science journal Nature,attracts attention to the insufficiency of fossils as follows:

“No fossil is buried with its birth certificate. That, and the scarcity of fossils, means that it is effectively impossible to link fossils into chains of cause and effect in any valid way. The intervals of time that separate fossils are so huge that we cannot say anything definite about their possible connection through ancestry and descent. It is hard enough, with written records, to trace a human lineage back a few hundred years. All evidences about a few thousand species generations and the evolution of man can fit in a small box. Therefore, the human evolution diagram we have in the form of ancestors and lineages is a human invention and is shaped based on human prejudices.To take a line of fossils and claim that they represent a lineage is not a scientific hypothesis that can be tested, but an assertion that carries the same validity as a bedtime story—amusing, perhaps even instructive, but not scientific”.²⁹

It can easily be said based all the information above that there is no evidence to support that “man comes from an ape-like ancestor”. There is no intermediate or transitional form coming from ape and reachingman. Furthermore, fossil records show that there are no transitional forms among other animal groups. Those results support the idea that man “was created specially”.

1.2-THE AGE OF HUMANITY ACCORDING TO DEMOGRAPHIC CALCULATIONS³⁰

When the demographic calculation is made for a country,

F = Peⁿⁱ (1)

mathematic model no 1 is used.³¹ F in the formula shows the future value, P shows the present value, e the natural logarithm, n the period (year) and i growth rate.

According to the United Nations Population Division, the world population growth is estimated as follows:³²:

Table 3- World Population Growth.

According to the table above, the world population increased with quite a high growth rate between 1950 and 2013 as 1.7%but the growth rate between 1000 and 2013 is calculated as

Since the population in the world started with Hz. Adam and Hz. Hawwa (Eve), since it increased at a rate of 0.3% every year and since the human population is 7.5 billion today, the time period between the creation of Hz. Adam and the present day is calculated as follows according to formula no 1:

If the average growth rate of the world weretwo per thousand (0.2%), the period between the creation of Hz. Adam and the present day would be 11,022 years; if it were one per thousand (0.1%), it would be 22,045 years. According to the historical growth rate of the world population, the rate 0.3% should be taken into account; therefore, we think about 7.348 years passed from the creation of the first man in the world.

1.2.1-The history of humanity does not comply with the view of Darwin according to the mathematical method

Demographic calculations show thatthe view of Darwin does not comply with the facts. As it can be remembered, we calculate the population of countries by using the formula F=Peⁿⁱ. The United Nations Population Division accept that the average growth rate of the world population is three per thousand (0.3) up to now; even if we accept that the average growth rate of the world population is one per thousand (0.1), and only two apes became monkeys through evolution, it will be found out that for a process of 500,000 years today,

F= 2e^{(0,001x500.000)} = 5.1²¹⁵

people should live in the world. In mathematics, the number 5.1²¹⁵is a very large undescribed number.About 7.5 billion people live in the world. If a process as Darwinists claimed functioned, 6,8²⁰⁵ times more people instead of 7.5 billion people living in the world today would live now, which is unimaginable. For example, if Homo sapiens had been seen 50 thousand years ago instead of 500 thousand or 250 thousand years ago, 1.01x10²² people would in the world now, which means 1.34 billion times the current world population; it is unreasonable. If the world population growth rate is three per thousand, the current world population would be 5,1⁶⁴⁵ people; as it is seen, these calculations are the biggest proof of the inconsistency of the view of evolution, and this view does not match the facts. In that case, how can it be claim that man comes from ape?

1.3-THE AGE OF HUMANITY ACCORDING TO HEAVENLY RELIGIONS

It is necessary to know the meanings of the terms day and year informed by Allah in order to understand the past of beings and humanity.

We will present some verses from the three heavenly books related to the past of humanity:

1.3.1-The Torah (The Old Testament)

“In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth”.³³ It is stated after this verse that God created light, seas, stars and living beings. It is stated that the time period between Adam and the present day is 10.000 years^34-35.

1.3.2- The Gospel (The New Testament)

“The God who made the world and everything in it is the Lord of heaven and earth… He himself gives everyone life and breath and everything else…From one man He made all the nations, that they should inhabit the whole earth”³⁶.

“The first man Adam became a living being…The first man was of the dust of the earth …”³⁷.

“Through Him (God) all things were made; without Him nothing was made that has been made…”³⁸.

1.3.3-The Quran

It is stated in the Quran that the first man was created out of dust, that his wife Hz. Hawwa (Eve) was created from him. The creation stages of their offspring, that is, the people living today, are mentioned in various verses. Some of them are as follows:

“We created man from sounding clay, from mud molded into shape”.³⁹

“Man We did create from a quintessence (of clay); Then We placed him as (a drop of) sperm in a place of rest, firmly fixed; Then We made the sperm into a clot of congealed blood; then of that clot We made a (fetus) lump; then we made out of that lump bones and clothed the bones with flesh; then we developed out of it another creature. So blessed be Allah, the best to create!”.⁴⁰

“Do not the Unbelievers see that the heavens and the earth were joined together (as one unit of creation), before we clove them asunder? We made from water every living thing. Will they not then believe?⁴¹

As it is seen, heavenly religions state that creation took place in accordance with a law and a system, as biology and medicine have discovered and approved today.

When Hz. Adam and Hz. Hawwawere sent to the world, the world had reached a structure with a maturity that human beings could live; they met on Safa Hill near Makkah. In addition, Hz. Adam also built the Kaaba in Makkah. Today, visitors to Makkah see both the Kaaba and the meeting place on Safa Hill.

It is clear that the acts of working, hunting, producing, saving, sharing and consuming, in order to meet physiological needs like eating, drinking, taking shelter and living,and economic activities occurred as man was taken out of Paradise and sent to the earth. When Hz. Adam and Hz. Hawwa came together in the world, formed a family and lived for a long time like 930 years or 1.000 years, a human society of 40.000 people formed.⁴²

The human society, which started with two people, is about 7.5 billion people today.

The following is stated is stated in a hadith reported from the Prophet: “The lifespan of humanity is 7,000 years”⁴³.This hadith represents an approach and it confirms the calculations of population mentioned above.

1.3.4-How should we understand the concepts of time and day in the divine decrees?

There are different interpretations in heavenly religions related to understanding the day and year that Allah reports about the creation times of beings.

As it is known, the day is the time of the rotation of the earth around itself and it is 24 hours. The year is a full rotation of the earth around the sun and it is about 366 days.

The time of rotation of each planet and star in space is different. The earth rotates around itself in one day but Mercury makes its rotation in 58.5 days (of earth day). While the Earth rotates around the sun in one year, Pluto rotates around the sun in 248 years (of earth day)⁴⁴.

Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the concepts of day and year Allah mentions in the creation of the universe and beings accordingly.

As a matter of fact, God Almighty states the following in the Quran:

“He Who created the heavens and the earth and all that is between, in six days” (al-Furqan 59).

It is not possible to understand one rotation of the earth around itself from the term “day” in the verse because the deed of creation is in question for the whole universe and it is not certain the day of what planet will be considered as a criterion. Besides, planets did not exist in the first creation. In addition, the issue is clarified in another verse as follows:

“Verily a Day in the sight of thy Lord is like a thousand years of your reckoning” (al-Hajj 22/47).

1.3.5-How long is it since the creation of the first man?

There are various verses and hadiths about the past of the humanity and the time of the formation of the universe. However, they are either implied or mentioned by similes. Therefore, there are different narrations about when Hz. Adam was created and what the age of the universe is.

It is mentioned in the Quran that the skies and the earth were created in six days, that the earth was created in two days and that plants and animals were created in four days^45,46,47.

According to a hadith reported from Abu Hurayra, the Prophet said,

“Allah created the clay on Saturday and He created the mountains on Sunday and He created the trees on Monday and He created makruh on Tuesday and created light on Wednesday and He caused the animals to spread on Thursday and created Adam after Asr (the afternoon) on Friday; the last creation at the last hour of the hours of Friday, i. e. between afternoon and night”.⁴⁸

God Almighty states in a verse that a day in the sight of Him is like a thousand years of our reckoning and in another verse that it is like fifty thousand years. Since there is no clarity about what to understand from the term “day” in those verses, Islamic scholars had different approaches to the issue^49-50.

Since it is stated in the Quran that the skies and the earth were created in six days, some Islamic scholars indicate that humanity and the animal kingdom will live for six days and the lifespan of the universe can be parallel to them. The days equal to a thousand years and fifty thousand years are regarded as an “era” representing centuries and years.⁵¹

It is not possible to give that period exactly but an approximate number can be expressed. It is state in some resources that the history of humanity, that is the period from the creation of Adam to Doomsday can be regarded as seven thousand years.

Badiuzzaman Said Nursiinterpretsthe hadith“La tazalu taifatun min ummati zahirina alal-haqqi hatta ya’tiyallahu bi amrihi”(A group from my nation is going to come and be victorious upon true path until the order of Allah arrives),indicating the end of time with abjad calculationas follows:

Allah knows best but I understand from the hadith that the service of belief will continue victoriously until 1506 H, in defeat between 1506 and1542 and that human history will end in 1545.The original text is as follows:

“There is an important hadith giving information about the end of time:

“La tazalu taifatun min ummati zahirina alal-haqqi hatta ya’tiyallahu bi amrihi”

This hadith suddenly came to my mind in the second hour of the tenth day of the month of Ramadan. Maybe I was suddenly reminded it since I was thinking about how long will the group of Risale-i Nur students will follow.

“La tazalu taifatun min ummati” - If shadda is considered and tanwin is not considered - this phrase implies according to the numerical value of jafr reckoning that it will continue until 1542 H. Nobody knows the Unknown except Allah.

“Zahirina alal-haqqi”- If shadda is considered - this phrase implies according to the numerical value of jafr reckoning that religious activities will be carried out obviously, openly and even victoriously until 1506 H, and then the guidance and illumination mission will keep going secretly and in a defeated way until 1542 H. The knowledge is with Allah. Nobody knows the Unknown except Allah.

“Hatta ya’tiyallahu bi amrihi”If shadda is considered - this phrase implies according to the numerical value of jafr reckoning that Doomsday will break forth over the unbelievers in 1545. Nobody knows the Unknown except Allah.

It should be noticed, and it is surprising that although the three phrases in agreement give the date one thousand five hundred, it refers in a completely meaningful and wise manner to the dates from 1506 to 1542 and 1545, coinciding one by one to the times of the three great changes.

However, since these implications are merely some convenience, they cannot be considered evidence and they are not strong, but I believed it to be true since I got the warning suddenly. No one can know the exact date for Doomsday, but such implications can build a sort of opinion, a strong possibility.

The abjad and jafr value of the phrase “Alladhina an’amta alayhim”in the chapter of al-Fatiha, describing those being on the straight path is 1506 or 1507 without shadda, which is equal to the value ofthe phrase“Zahirina alal-haqqi”,and corresponds with its meaning and if shadda is considered, it fully complies with and spiritually confirms the phrase “La tazalu taifatun min ummati” with three significant differences, which confirms the implication of the hadith and elevates it to the level of a sign.

The knowledge is with Allah. Nobody knows the Unknown except Allah”.⁵²

On the other hand, that year is given as 1560 H in the interpretation of the chapter of al-Asr. The year 1547 or 1577 is indicated in the interpretation of the chapter of al-Fatiha.

The original text is as follows:

“This is a note for the point called mountain fruit of the chapter of al-Asr:

The “ta”at the end of the word “Assalihat”can be counted as “ha” in terms of jafr calculation when there is a stop or comma at the end of the word. “Illa”is together. At this point (1358), it shows the current year. And because it is not pronounced as “ha”, the “ta” can remain. In this respect, if the shaddas are not counted, and if “illa” is not together, it indicates that a great community, with faith and good deeds, will continue to struggle against great damages for about two hundred years.The phrase “Siratalladhinaan’amta alayhim”(The way of those on whom Thou hast bestowed Thy Grace)at the end of the chapter of al-Fatiha indicates one thousand five hundred and forty seven or one thousand five hundred and seventy seven; and “La tazalu taifatun min ummati zahirina alal-haqqi hatta ya’tiyallahu bi amrihi”the first sentencerefers to the last times of a group of mujahids of the end of time and the second sentence refers to the date of the victorious struggle and the third sentence, with very little difference, refers to the unseen portents of both the chapter of al-Fatiha and the second sentence of the chapter of al-Asr and accords with them.That means, each one of the three sentences of this hadith refers to the date of one thousand five hundred and how long the struggle will last; similarly, “Alladhina amanu wa amilussalihat”(except for those who have faith and do right actions)– if the shadda is not counted– with this one thousand six hundred, both “watawasaw bilhaqqi watawasaw bissabr”(and urge each other to the truth and urge each other to steadfastness)– the shadda is counted but “bissabri” also has lam- one thousand five hundred sixty is included, indicating how long the struggle of that group who will accomplish that tremendous work will last by means of signs and jafr calculation. By examining the date indicated by the chapter of al-Fatiha and the hadith by their abjad value, they come across with a different degree and also with their meanings, fully complying, they reveal a wise section from the unseen.”.⁵³

Thus, if the history of humanity is assumed to be 7 thousand years, it can be said that it is between 4850 years BC and about 2150 years AD. Thus, it is understood that Hz. Adam was sent to the world about 4850 years before the birth of Christ. It is stated in a hadith that Hz. Adam lived for 940 years.⁵⁴

Since the invention of writing can be dated back to 4000 BC, writing must have started with Hz. Adam, that is, the first man. Only Allah knows the truth.

Allah states that He created Adam, taught him to speak and the names of things as follows:

“He has created man:He has taught him speech.⁵⁵

“And He taught Adam the names of all things; then He placed them before the angels, and said: "Tell me the names of these if ye are right." They said: "Glory to Thee, of knowledge We have none, save what Thou Hast taught us: In truth it is Thou Who art perfect in knowledge and wisdom." He said: "O Adam! Tell them their names." When he had told them, Allah said: "Did I not tell you that I know the secrets of heaven and earth, and I know what ye reveal and what ye conceal?"”.⁵⁶

In conclusion,acting upon hadiths and verses, Badiuzzaman Said Nursi makes evaluations about the human species, and the life of the living beings on earth and the universe. He states that the lifespan of humanity should be calculated based on earth day, the living beings based on the day of the sun rotating around itself and the lifespan of the universe based on the day of Vega star.

The original text is as follows:

“It is known that day and night occur as the earth moves on its axis and that years occur as it moves on the axis around the sun. Every planet, every star and the Vega Star including the sun rotate around their own axes, showing their special days; their movement on the axis around the sun show their years. The evidence that the Creator of the Earth and the Skies showed those days and years in His pre-eternal speech is as follows:

"In the end will (all affairs) go up to Him, on a Day, the space whereof will be (as) a thousand years of your reckoning." (as-Sajda, 5.),

"The angels and the spirit ascend unto him in a Day the measure whereof is (as) fifty thousand years." (al-Maarij, verse 4.)

The verses above and similar ones prove it.

Yes, there are divine days from days of four hours between the sunrise and sunset on winter days in the north, to days of nine hours on winter days, from a day of about a month on the axis of the sun to a day of about a thousand years according to the knowledge given by cosmography of the star called “Sirius” mentioned as "Rabbush-Shi'ra" in the Quran, and to a day of fifty thousand years on the axis of Vega.

When the Lord of the skies and the earth, the creator of Vega and Sirius addresses, He mentions those days in His blessed speech related to bodies of the skies and the earth and the realms; it is appropriate for Him to mention them.

Since days have such terms in the religious terminology, even if the scholars of the science of geology, geography and human history say that human beings have existed for hundreds of thousands of years, not seven thousand, it will not be contrary to famous narration "The lifespan of humanity from Adam to Doomsday is seven thousand years” (al-Munawi, Faydul-Qadir, 3:547, hadith no: 4278)and six thousand six hundred and sixty- six years because days can be between four hours and fifty thousand days.

This realm has a lifespan, the earth in this realm has a shorter lifespan and the human species living on earth has yet a shorter lifespan. The lifespans of those three beings within one another are like the cog wheels that count the hours, minutes and seconds in the clock. The lifespan of human species is based on the days that occur with two movements of the earth beginning from the time of having the body of the living beings; the lifespan of the earth is based on the movement of the axis of the sun, which its center of contact. And the lifespan of the realm is based on the days produced by the movement of the axis of Vega.

In that case, if the lifespan of the human species is seven thousand years based on the known days of the earth, the time between the start of life on earth and its destruction is more than two hundred thousand years based on the days of the sun. And as the lifespan of the worlds that are dependent of Vega and that look at our globe by separating from the eternal realm is seven thousand years, they will live a hundred and twenty six billion (126,000,000,000) years – since one day of the lifespan of Vega is 50,000 (fifty thousand) years as the Quran indicates it.

Yes, it fits the loftiness of the Quran and the perfection of its addressee and it is perfectly rhetorical for the Creator of the skies and the earth to use those days in His speech related to the earth and addressing the person that is the reason for the creation of the earth and the original seed of it and the last perfect fruit of it.

Note: This calculation was made by heart as Hafiz of Damascus, Mustafa of Kuleönü and his friend Hafiz Mustafa witnessed (It is based on the calculation of a year as three hundred and sixty days; if there are any mistakes, they should be tolerated).⁵⁷

Thus, that the number of the verses of the Quran is 6666 is regarded, in a sense, as the sign of how long the Quran will be dominant.

It is stated in a hadith that the history of humanity from Hz. Adam to Doomsday is seven thousand years based on the day of the Quran.⁵⁸

It is indicated that when the absolute era of interregnum is subtracted from it, the number 6666 will be obtained and that it is equal to the number of the verses of the Quran and hence the decrees of the Quran will be dominant for that period of time.

Attention is drawn to the fact that the age of humanity, the earth and the universe can be calculated based on the movement of the earth, the solar system and the galaxies around their axes. It is stated that each of them is indicated in the Quran. It is also indicated in the Quran that one day of the star called “Sirius” mentioned as "Rabbush-Shi'ra" in the Quran is one thousand years and that one day of Vega is fifty thousand years based on the day of the Quran.

The universe has a lifespan, the earth has a shorter lifespan than it and the human species living on earth has yet a shorter lifespan. The lifespans of those three beings within one another are likened to the relationships between the cog wheels that count the hours, minutes and seconds in the clock.

Even if the human history is stated to be hundreds of thousands of years, not seven thousand years, in terms of history, geology and anthropology, it will not be contrary to the narration stating that the lifespan of humanity from Adam to Doomsday is seven thousand years and the fact the decrees of the Quran will be dominant for 6666 years because days can be between four hours and fifty thousand years according to the Quran.

In other words, the lifespan of humanity is seven thousand years, the lifespan of living beings is seven thousand years and the life span of the universe is also seven thousand years. However, the lifespan of humanity can be evaluated based on earth day, the lifespan of plants and animals based on sun day or Sirius day and the lifespan of the universe based on Vega day. As it is known, the earth completes its rotation around its own axis in 24 hours, that is, in one day. The sun moves toward the Hercules constellation with a speed of 7200 km per hour and it also rotates around its own axis with a speed of 70.000 km per hour.⁵⁹

The sun completes this rotation in about 25 days based on earth day.

The Milky Way Galaxy, which contains the Solar system too, rotates around its own axis as a whole with a speed of 90 bin km per hour and completes one rotation in 200 million years based on earth day.⁶⁰

If the lifespan of humanity is seven thousand years based on earth day, the time period between the start of life on earth, that is, the formation of plants and animals, and Doomsday will be two hundred thousand years based on sun day and 2.5 billion years based on earth day. If it is considered that one day of Vega star is fifty thousand years based on earth day as the Quran indicates it, the age of the universe will be 126 billion years when seventhousandyears is multiplied by fifty thousand and then by 360 (days of a year).

In conclusion, it is understood that the world was created billions of years ago, that Hz. Adam and Hz. Hawwa, the ancestors of man, were sent to the world 7–8 thousand years ago, that the science of history confirms it and that the view of evolution is not valid.

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1. For more detailed information, see Âdem Tatlı. Evrim ve Yaratılış. Fifth Impression, 2018. ISBN:975953790-7.
2. Morris, H. and Parker, G. E. What is Creation Science? Master Book Publishers. California. 1982. Translated by Â.Tatlı, Keha, E., Marangoz, C., Solak, K. and Hasenekoğlu, İ. Yaratılış Modeli. Millî E. Bakanlığı Basımevi. Ankara. 1985.
3. Dunbar, C.O. Historical Geology. New York. John Wiley Sons. Inc. 1949, p.52.
4. Fault, H. Age of Rocks, Planets and Stars. NewYork. McGraw-Hill Book. Co. Inc. 1966, p.61.
5. Keith, M.S. and Anderson, G.M. Radiocarbon Dating: Fictitious Results with Mollusk Shells. Science, August, 16. A. 634, 1963.
6. Libby,W.F. Radiocarbon Dating. University of Chicago Press.1955, p.7.
7. Lingenfelter, R. E. Production of C-14 by Cosmic & Ray Neutrons. Reviews of Geophysics. 1963, Vol. 1. p.51.
8. Suess, H.E. Secular Variations in the Cosmic Ray Produced Carbon-14 in the Atmosphere and their Interpretations. Journal of Geophysical Research. 1965, Vol.7. p.594.
9. Guyer, M.F. Animal Biology. New York. Harper; Brothers, London. 1937.
10. Pilbeam, D.R .Nature. 1968, Vo1.219 p. 1335; Eckhard, R.B. Population Genetics and Human Origins. Scientific American. 1972, Vol.226.
11. Shipman, P. Baffling Limb on the Family Tree. Discover, 1986, September; Eckhard, R.B. Population Genetics and Human Origins. Scientific American. 1972, Vol.226.
12. Broom, R and Schepers, G.W.H. Transv. Mus. Mem. 1946, Vol.2. p.1-272; Clark, G. Journal of Anatomy. London. 1947, Vol. 19.P.300-333.
13. Oxnard, C. University of Chicago Magazine, 1974, p.8-12; Oxnard, C. The Place of the Austrolopithecines in Human Evolution: Grounds for doubt? Nature. 1975, Vo1.258. p.389-395; Zuckerman, S. Journal of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh. 1966, Vol.l1. p.87-115.
14. Zuckerman, S. Beyond the Ivory Tower. Toplinger Publ. Co. New York. 1970, pp. 11-12,64,75-94.
15. Montagu, A. Man: His First Million Years. Word Publishers. Yonkers. 1957, p.51-52.
16. Richard, M. Shattering the Myths of Darwinism. Translated by İ. Kapaklıkaya. Son Tartışmalar Işığında Darwinizm’in Mitleri. Gelenek Yayıncılık, Istanbul, 2003.
17.Şengün, A. Evrim. Sermet Matbaası. Kırklareli. 1984, s.142.
18.Boule, M. and Valois, H.M. Fossil Man. The Dryden Press. New York. 1957, p.118-123.
19.Gish, D.T. Evolution: The Fossils Say No! 1981. Translated by Âdem Tatlı, Fosiller ve Evrim. Cihan Yayınları, Istanbul. 1984.
20.Howells, W. Mankind in the Making. Doubleday and CO. Garden City N.Y.P. 1967, 155-156.
21.Cottrell, L. The Concise Encyclopedia Archeology. Hawthorn. New York. 1960, P. 394.
22.For more detailed information, see Âdem Tatlı. Evrim ve Yaratılış. Fifth Impression, Korkuteli, 2018.
23.Schiller, R. New Findings on the Origin of Man. Reader's Digest. 1973, August, p.89-90.
24.Eckhardt, R. Population Genetics and Human Origins. Scientific American, Issue 226,1972, s.94.
25.Pilbeam, D. American Scientist, Issue, 66,1978, p. 379.
26.Pilbeam, D. Rearranging Our Family Tree. Nature, June, 1978.
27.Clark, A.G. Through a Glass Darkly: Conceptual Issues in Modern Human Origins Research, s.60-76, 1997.
28.Ruse, M. How Evolution became a religion. National Post. May 13, 2000,
www.nationalpost.com/artslife.asp?f=000513/288424.html.
29.Gee, H. In Search of Deep Time: Beyond the Fossil Record to a New History of life. New York: The Free Press, p. 23, 32, 113, 116-117, 202, 1999.
30.Okka, Osman, Kazak, Hasan (2015). İslâmi Finansal Yönetim: Sistem ve Uygulama. Book to be published.
31.For instance, according to TUİK data, if the population of Turkey is 76,6 million and the annual growth rate is 0.137% on January 29, 2014, it is estimated to be F=76,6 e^39x0,0137= 130.69 million in 2050.
32.http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/
33.Old Testament Genesis 1-1.
34.Allah.web.tr/kutsal-kitaplar-ve-yaratilis.html; Old Testament Genesis5, 18-24.
35.-http://www.ateistforum.org/index.php?showtopic=38811
36.New Testament, Acts, 17:24-26.
37.1 Corinthians, 15:24-25.
38.İncildenguzelsözler.blogcu.com. p.1/3; New Testament - John, 1–3.
39.al-Hijr, 15/26.
40.al-Mu’minun, 23/ 12-14.
41.al-Anbiya, 21/30.
42.- Ömer Nasuhi Bilmen, Büyük İslam İlmihali, Akçağ Yayınları, Ankara, 2007, p. 495
43.Ramûz El-Ehadis, Vol.1 p. 208, No:6.
44.Taşkın, T. Uzay ve Ötesi. Boğaziçi Yayınları, second impression, 1995, 1–280.
45.Hud, 7.
46.al-Furqan, 59.
47.Fussilat, 12.
48.Muslim, “Sifatul-Qiyamah, 27.
49.al-Hajj, 47.
50.Al-Maarij, 4.
51.Nursi, S.B. Sözler. Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı Yayınları-600. Ankara, 3.baskı, 2016, s. 195.
52.Nursi, S.B. Kastamonu Lahikası Envar Neşriyat, Istanbul. 1995, p. 27–29,
53.Nursi, S. B. Kastamonu Lahikası. Envar Neşriyat, Istanbul, 2013, p. 205-206.
54.Canan, İ. ibid. hadith no: 1699, p. 393.
55.ar-Rahman, 55/3-4.
56.al-Baqara, verses 31-33
57.Nursi, B. S. Barla Lahikası. Envar Neşriyat, Istanbul, 1996, p. 324-326.
58.Ramûz El-Ehadis, Vol.1 p. 208, No:6.
59.http://www.renklinot.com/soru-cevap-2/gunes-kendi-etrafinda-kac-saatte-doner.html
60.Taşkın, T. ibid. p. 56–59.

2-) Question 59: How were microorganisms taken to Hz. Nuh’s (Noah’s) Ark and placed? How did Hz. Nuh fit gigantic dinosaurs like Seismosaurus and T-Rex in his Ark?

Answer: Hz. Nuh (Noah)and his nation lived about 3 to 4 thousand years BC in Mesopotamia and regions close to it because humanity, which started in Makkah with Hz. Adam, had spread only in the regions between Arabia and Mesopotamia.

As it is known, Allah ordered Hz. Nuh to build a ship and get on the ship when His command came with the people who believed in his prophethood and accepted the oneness of Allah, along with a pair of all species of animals.

God Almighty wanted Hz. Nuh to embark the ship when gushing forth of the tannur started. Tannur is used as tandır(oven dug in the ground) in Turkish. It is understood that it was not certain when to embark the ship. They were ordered to embark the ship when gushing forth of the tannur started. It is estimated that the ark was a steam ship.

When rain started to pour from the sky and water started to gush forth from the ground, Hz. Nuh received the sign.

Everyone was preoccupied with their own trouble in such a hectic and panicky situation. Hz. Nuh immediately invited the believers – they were 8 people according to one narration and 80 people according to another narration - to the ship and took a pair of domestic animals each to the ship too. The ground was completely covered with water due to the rainfall that continued for days and weeks; all of those who denied Allah were drowned. The ship that Hz. Nuh and his friends embarked landed on Mount Judi. This believing community got off the ship and set up a new lifestyle.

Noah’s Flood (the Deluge) exists in all heavenly books. It is a disaster sent by Allah to punish those who did not believe among the people of Hz. Nuh. As a matter of fact, this tribe increased and deniers emerged from its members again. Allah sent disasters from the sky and the earth to the tribes of Ad, Thamud and Lot, which were their descendants, and destroyed them.

Allah punished those who did not believe among the communities such as Ad, Thamud and Lot tribes with various misfortunes. However, the misfortunes affected only to the members of that community, not other places, because the target of the misfortune was those deniers.

Thus, the misfortunes that hit the tribes were specific for those tribes; the misfortunes coming from the sky or the earth were not observed in the places outside those regions.

The same thing was valid for the nation of Nuh. What is meant by misfortune here is the destruction of deniers. When that is the purpose of the misfortune, it is more appropriate in terms of wisdom and reason that Noah’s Flood was limited to Mesopotamia, Makkah and Madinah, and their surroundings, where the nation of Nuh lived.

There is no logical reason why the misfortune suffered by the nation of Nuh should occur all over the world. It was the people of Noah who opposed the commands of Allah. It is normal that the misfortune hit only them.

It is not reasonable for such a flood to have happened in the other parts of the world where no human beings lived. Therefore, it was not possible for Hz. Nuh to deal with animals living in other places. For, it was not likely for Hz. Nuh to think about how to put a worm living under the ground, a wolf living on the mountain and a fish living in the sea into the ship in a very short time when there was a struggle to be saved from death. Besides, it is not possible to keep and preserve wild animals at such a time.

It was such a moment that everyone was looking for a place to escape. Water was coming down from the sky and gushing from the ground. Houses and streets were flooded with water. People were looking for a place to escape. The Holy Quran states that Nuh’s son did not embark the ship, and that Nuh made an effort to make his son embark the ship. In other words, it was not time for people to think of parrots, monkeys or oxen in the African jungles when their relatives and beloved ones did not embark the ship. Besides, there was no need for it. They just took a pair of the domestic animals that were available and that would be useful in the places where they would go. It was not appropriate and logical to take wild animals to the ship according to the occurrence of the event.

1.For detailed information regarding the issue, see Maurice Bucaille’s book “Müsbet İlim Yönünden- Tevrat, İnciller ve Kur’an”. Translated by Asst. Prof. Mehmet Ali Sönmez. Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı Yayınları, 7^th impression. Ankara, 2001.

3-) Question 8: It is claimed through DNA analyses that humans are relatives with Neanderthals, Denisovans and Homo Heidelbergensis. How should we view those developments? Has evolution been proved?

Answer: Evolution in the sense that is claimed by atheists who accept evolution as a religion and reject a creator has not taken place; how can something that does not exist be proved? In other words, man was created directly as a human being, not by the changing of lower living beings. If Allah had wanted, he could have created man from another being but He states that He created the first man, Hz. Adam, our ancestor out of dust.

Science says the same thing too. Science declares that each living group has its own genetic structure, and that this genetic structure cannot change and create a living being with a different structure.

Since atheists will not be able to experiment the creation of the first man in the laboratory, the opinions to be put forward regarding the issue will always remain as speculations. Moreover, science does not say that man emerged from lower living beings. Atheists who support positivist philosophy make science say it so that they will break off the ties of the young people with the heavenly religions.

Neanderthals mentioned above were found in Neanderthal valley in 1856. The famous geneticist Dobzhansky said 50 years ago in 1967 and the evolutionist atheist Ivanhoe in 1970 that Neandertalwas actually a man who had rickets, that is a bone disease, and whose back was bent and that he was no different from today’s man. See the following works for the issue: Dobzshansky, T.Changing Man. Science, 1967, Vol.155, p. 410 and F. Ivanhoe; Neanderthals Had Rickets. 1970, Nature, 8 Aug.

As it is seen Neanderthals came to the fore about 150 years ago. They present it again as if they have found something new in order to settle their philosophical thoughts about evolution in the minds of people. As it can be noticed, a fossil is brought up every four or five months, and this fossil is advertised so much that you hear statements that reflect the idea of a completely ideological mindset expressing that it is superior to all fossils found up to now and that the human history is fully enlightened by it. As a matter of fact, they made a fuss five months ago that Homo Naledi was the ancestor of man. When they saw that it did not become popular, they immediately brought this issue to the agenda.

Get ready for a new fossil advertisement in a few months to refresh the image that it is man’s ancestor. This perception advertising has tired us so much for the last 50 years that we are sick of it. We are tired of following their atheism-based evolutionary ideologies but they are not tired of this fuss. The regularity of these persistent ideological advertisements in the name of science implies an impression that this is done in return for great material interests. Otherwise, it is not possible to understand so much insistence on a false philosophy that includes no truth.

DNAs, which constitute the genetic structure of living beings, are basically composed of certain elements. In other words, all living beings actually have many common structures and characters, especially the cell structure. This similarity shows that they are the work of the same creator. Unlike what the atheists suggest, itdoes not that show that they emerge from one another.

It is also doubtful that the claims put forward by those evolutionists are true. The society has always been deceived and cheated by a series of deliberately

distorted comments made on this issue up to now and by being presented bones and skeletal parts belonging to different living beings as if they belong to one living being.It has been observed that none of the pieces they put forward as fossil evidence is true. However, they misled people by misinterpreting some data each time.

For nearly 150 years, not a single fossil piece to confirm the view that living beings emerged from one another in the form of a chain, which they always put forward, has been presented. Living beings did not emerge from one another as they claim; so how can a transitional fossil be found? If you propose the existence of something that is not present today, it will be understood to be wrong after a while. It has always been like that. Do not doubt that it will be like that from now on too.

4-) Question 29: What is the wisdom behind the creation of some insects like louse that harm man and parasites that disturb man?

Answer: There are many reasons for the creation of beings. It is primarily the duty of science to determine what those reasons are. It is not something easy to determine what is the use of a being, what benefits and harms it has in scientific studies. Most of them are generally found and understood, so to speak, by guess and by God.

We usually examine beings in terms of their benefits and harms. We always view them from this aspect. If something has no direct benefit or harm to us, we usually consider it useless.

Is it really so? That is, was each being created only for us? If that is so, there are so many visible and invisible living beings in the universe that we do not know what most of them are for. Besides, what we know is very limited. What we know about most beings is only a few things. Could the real purpose of creation of that being only a few things that we know?

In that case, we need to take a look at the purposes of creation of beings and especially living beings. It is Allah Who creates them. We have to look at what He says about it.

What we understand from the interpretations and evaluations made regarding the issue based on verses of the Quran and hadiths is as follows: Allah Almighty created the creatures both to observe His own works of art and to show these works of art to other conscious beings, especially human beings and angels. That is, living beings become mirrors to the names of Allah with their existence. They reflect His names. God Almighty observes them too. So to speak, if that being has one aspect related to our benefits and losses, it has as many aspects as the names of Allah, that is thousands of aspects,related to Allah.

There are two aspects of beings related to us. They are either directly good like an apple, a pear and a rose. Or, they are good in terms of their results. For example, manure is good in terms of its result. The snake is also a very beautiful art of God Almighty. Although it seems ugly and harmful to us, it has indirect goodness in terms of its duty. In the environments where it is removed, those who have to cope with mice in places where there are no snakes and those who know the serum made from its poison appreciate this goodness better.

Another aspect of beings related to us is that we have to do research about them because of the damage they cause. Thus, on the one hand, they encourage us to do research, and on the other hand, the research sometimes causes another issue that has nothing to do with it to be found. As a result, both our knowledge increases and an issue unknown to us, which God Almighty provided for our benefit, becomes clarified.

In conclusion, Allah watches the beings He creates because they are a mirror for His own names; and He wants other conscious beings to see, contemplate and consider them.

If living and non-living beings have one aspect related to our benefits, they have thousands of benefits related to Allah. In other words, there are as many wisdoms and benefits as the names of Allah in the creation of each being. God Almighty wants us to find those wisdoms and benefits, and to present them to the benefit of humanity and to see and show the wisdom and art in His works.

A story that is closely related to the issue about Hz. Musa (Moses) is narrated: When house flies disturbed Hz. Musa very much once, he said,

O Lord! Why did you increase these creatures, which disturb human beings? He received the following answer in the form of an inspiration:

You object to the flies only once. The flies often ask: O Lord! Those humans with large heads mention You with only one tongue. They sometimes forget and do not mention You. If You had created us only from their heads, there would have been creatures that would mention You with thousands of tongues like us. Thus, Hz. Musa was informed that his objection was answered with thousands of objections.

Similarly, the beings that you regard as harmful and useless may be worshipping and mentioning Allah more than you. Allah considers this aspect and creates beings accordingly.

Ibrahim Haqqi expresses it as follows:

Do not say why is this so,

It is as it should be,

Show patience and watch the end,

Let us see what God will do,

Whatever He does, He does well.

5-) Question 2: How did different races emerge if humanity came from Hz. Adam and Hz. Hawwa?

Answer: Hz. Adam is the first man and the first prophet. Hz. Hawwa (Eve) is Hz. Adam’s wife, who was created from his body. Therefore, humanity starts with Hz. Adam. DNAs (Deoxyribose Nucleic Acids), which constitute the human genetic structure, are equipped with a vast information capacity. Some researchers say that if it were possible to transfer the information in human DNA to a book, only an encyclopedia of 100 m² as tall as the distance between the earth and the moon could take this information. This evaluation may seem exaggerated at first glance but when we consider the information we upload to a flash drive or a DVD and the area it covers, we realize that it can be true.

In the genetic structure of our father Adam, the first man, the genetic structure of all his descendants, including all color and race traits, were present in the form of a password. There is nothing to object to it scientifically. Is it not true to say that the genetic structure of you and your spouse include the genetic structure of all your descendants to come up to Doomsday?

Since the beginning of the genetic structure of Hz. Hawwa is Hz. Adam, this evaluation is appropriate logically and scientifically. Who can deny the existence of the genetic structure of all grandchildren of Hz. Adam to come up to Doomsday in the genetic structure of Hz. Adam?

Another aspect of the issue is that not all color and race traits present in the genetic structure make themselves shown in the outer appearance that we call the phenotype. The ones that show themselves are dominant traits. Recessive traits have no effect on the phenotype. However, as reproduction continues in the same gene pool, that is, within the human community, recessive traits that get rid of the pressure of dominant traits appear in the offspring in certain proportions.

As a matter of fact, we experience a similar example of it as follows: We cannot see the stars in the sky during the day. However, we can see them at night. In fact, those stars are present in the sky during the day too. Nevertheless, they do not appear during the day due to the dominant effect of the sun.

Some recessive characters in humans are like that too. The fact that they are not seen does not mean they do not exist in the genetic structure.

Recessive characters emerge in the tribes and groups that are separated from one another and continue to reproduce within themselves; new combinations of those recessive characters can also be seen or a structure in the middle of two characters with equal effects in different aspects may emerge. Thus, the diversity occurring in the genetic structure was combined with the manifestation of mercy and wisdom in certain proportions, leading to the formation of colors and races seen in today’s people.

THE CREATION OF HZ. ISA (JESUS) WITHOUT A FATHER

As a necessity of the wisdom of Allah, a number of reproduction laws have been placed in the creation of all living beings. One of them is sexual reproduction. In this reproduction, the chromosomes of a mother and a father, that is, a male and a female, are combined.

There is also asexual reproduction. In this reproduction, new offspring are created from only one individual without the need for the mating of a male and a female. There are many varieties of it in the plant kingdom. For example, the potato plant is obtained by cutting the eyes in the potato and putting them in the soil; similarly, a willow tree is obtained by burying a willow branch in the ground.

According to the normal law of reproduction, a human being is created from 46-chromosome zygote cells, which occurs as a result of the insemination of the mother’s 23-chromosome egg cell by the father’s 23-chromosome sperm.

The creation of Jesus does not comply with this law of reproduction. God Almighty states the following for his creation:

“The similitude of Jesus before Allah is as that of Adam; He created him from dust, then said to him: ‘Be’. And he was.”¹

That is, the creation of Hz. Isa without a father is similar to the creation of Hz. Adam from dust.

Allah created Adam out of dust without a mother and father; similarly, He created Jesus from Mary without a father.

In the verse above, as an answer to the Jews who do not believe in the birth of Jesus without a father and who claim that such a thing is impossible, and to the Christians who deify Jesus acting upon the fact that he was born without a father and who claim that He is Allah’s son, Almighty Allah mentions a more interesting example of creation than that and says that the creation of Jesus is like that of Adam. In other words, Adam was created out of dust without a father and was given life as a result of Allah’s command “kun (be)” and became a human being; The case of Jesus is similar to it. It is stated that the creator who created him without a mother and a father can create Jesus without a father.

Some claim that it is not possible to create a child without a father. Allah who imposes laws that are necessary for the reproduction of human beings can change those laws any time He wishes. As a matter of fact, Allah states that He will create whatever He wishes in whatever way He wishes:

“To Allah belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth. He creates what He wills (and plans). He bestows (children) male or female according to His Will (and Plan)”.²

There are many examples resembling the creation of Jesus, that is, creation without a father in the world of the living beings, both in the plant and animal kingdom.

The example of it in the animal kingdom is bees. The queen bee, which is one of the female bees, goes out flying for mating in a certain period. As a result of mating, the sperm are stored in the sperm sac of the queen bee. When she returns to the hive and starts to produce eggs, eggs with X chromosomes pass by the sac in which there are sperms. If the lid of the sperm sac opens, the egg combines with the sperm with Y chromosomes and falls down to the hive as a fertilized egg and female bees are created from it.

If the lid of the sperm sac opens when the egg proceeding in the egg duct passes by the sperm sac, unfertilized eggs with X chromosomes fall down to the hive and male bees are created from those eggs. Thus, male bees are created from the unisexual unfertilized eggs with n chromosomes in bees.

This way of reproduction, which is seen in bees, occurred in humanity too. Allah created Jesus from an unfertilized egg of X character in the womb. Thus, Jesus is not the only person created from an unfertilized egg of X character; Adam was created without a mother and father. Millions of examples of the creation of Christ is seen in the realm of bees.

Recently, God Almighty created a lamb from the unfertilized cell placed in the uterus of a sheep from the nucleus of a cell taken from the body of the sheep.

All this shows that Allah creates whatever He wishes in whatever way He wishes. Therefore, there is nothing strange about the creation of Jesus directly from his mother’s egg because we see countless examples of it in the plant and animal kingdoms.

1.Al-i Imran, verse 59.
2.ash-Shura, verse 49.

6-) Question 20: The following is stated in verses 6 and 7 of the chapter of at-Tariq in the Quran: He is created from a drop emitted - proceeding from between the backbone and the ribs. Evolutionists say that this verse is not scientific.

Answer: It is necessary to know the following first: A Muslim accepts that every verse of the Quran is the word of Allah. Verses shows some truths in different ways. In other words, verses have levels of meaning. Some issues are expressed explicitly while some others are expressed by signs or analogy. Some results we obtain through the studies in science might not comply with the verses of the Quran. Interpretation becomes necessary in such a case; in addition, the reality mentioned in the verses of the Quran might turn out to be true through the studies in the future.

Another issue is that it is excessive optimism to expect someone who does not accept the existence of Allah to approve the meaning of a verse. They try to deny and reject Allah, not to accept Him, through His works. If a believer satisfies his soul about these issues, there is no problem. You do not have the duty of convincing others. You can only present the issue that you know to be true and leave the rest to that person.

When the creation of man is in question, people take into consideration the view of the evolutionists ten times; in that case, it is necessary to see what Allah says regarding the issue at least once because it is Allah who creates man. The one who does knows and the one who knows speaks is a general rule. Allah explains the creation of man in various verses in the Holy Quran. In one verse, attention is drawn to the creation from sperm, and it is stated that sperm comes out between the backbone and the ribs:

“Now let man but think from what he is created! He is created from a drop emitted-Proceeding from between the backbone and the ribs: Surely (Allah) is able to bring him back (to life)!”.¹

The verse states the following for man: He is created from a drop emitted. That drop of liquid is the sperm of the male coming from between the backbone and the ribs. There are millions of sperm in it. One of them unites with the woman’s egg and causes the formation of man.

It is stated in the verse that the liquid containing sperm comes from between the backbone and the ribs. However, it is known that the sperm of the male form in the testicles, which are the reproductive organs of the male, and the egg of the female forms in the ovary, which is the reproductive organ of the female. There seems to be an apparent contradiction here. There can be two explanations of it:

The first one: When man is in the stage of fetus in the mother’s womb, the ovary and testicles develop between the backbone and the ribs of the fetus. That is, the testicles and the ovary are produced in the region between the backbone and the ribs. When the fetus reaches the seventh month, the testicles are slowly lowered into the bag outside the body and the ovary into the pelvis.

The second one: The testicles and the ovary take their food from the location between the backbone and the ribs. In other words, the arteries coming from the abdominal aorta and going to the testicles and the ovary pass between the backbone and the ribs. In the same way, the nerves that feed the ovary and testicles come from the cluster of nerves under the stomach, which is literally in the region between the backbone and the ribs. Lymph vessels also emerge from between the backbone and the ribs.²

It is seen that both the testicles and the egg cell take their food, blood and nerves from the region referred to as the backbone and the ribs. This determination of science is in accordance with the concise expression of the Holy Quran about the creation of man.

The development of sperm, which are male reproductive cells, is ensured through testosterone, and the development of eggs, which are female reproductive cells, through estrogen hormones. Both testosterone, the male hormone, and estrogen, the female hormone, are steroid group hormones and their building blocks are cholesterol. The glands located on the kidneys are also involved in the production of testosterone and estrogen. About 20% of these sex hormones are secreted from the adrenal glands. In other words, the kidneys have an important role in both the production of sperm and the production of eggs. In addition, the kidneys are organs in which other hormones like growth hormones, which are important for growth and reaching puberty, are secreted. The kidneys are precisely in the region stated by the verse. They are the issues that we learn with the development of science. Perhaps many more miraculous aspects of this verse will be discovered in the future.

The explanation by the gynecologist Op. Dr. İsmail Selçuk on November 4, 2016 is as follows:

Up to the eighth month of the embryological life, the testicles are located under kidneys around the waist, and the ovaries are located under the diaphragm in the abdomen, corresponding to the bottom of the breasts. The testicles descend into the bags through the inguinal canal close to delivery. If it is seen at birth that the testicles have not descended, they are probably stuck in the inguinal canal. If they do not descend to bags after a certain period of time passes, they are descended through an operation.

1.at-Tariq, verses 5-8.
2.Ali al-Bar. Translated by A. Öztürk. İnsanınYaratılışı. Diyanetİş. Başk. Yayını,1991.

7-) Question 55: I do not believe in Islam. If there is an order in the universe arising from chaos and if Allah created the order, who created chaos?

Answer: It is claimed in this long question that there is a so-called irregularity, chaos and mercilessness in the universe and hence there is no creator. Anyone who thinks reasonably and logically must accept the existence of a creator because if there is a work, there must be a master. Those who associate partners with Allah accept the existence of Allah, but they make a mistake in the attributes of the creator, that is, His strength, power and the vastness of His knowledge.

There are three sources describing that Allah’s existence and oneness, and that everything, from atoms to galaxies, occur with His knowledge and will. One of them is the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh).The second one is the Quran. The third one is the book of the universe. He who can read this book knows the existence and oneness of Allah from it and knows Him. Man is like a letter in the book of the universe. Therefore, a person who looks carefully at his own existence and creation understands the existence and oneness of Allah. As a matter of fact, the Prophet (pbuh) states the following in a hadith, “He who knows his soul knows Allah.”

Is there not a master (tailor) of the clothes that the person who asks this question is wearing? You cannot persuade even a child who does not go to school that those clothes occurred without a master (tailor/doer). Just as those clothes have a master so too does the body have a master. That master is Allah. Whoever put the eyes on the body also created the sun to give the light necessary for those eyes to see. Whoever gave you the stomach also created the plants and animals as the sustenance of that stomach. Whoever made and put the lungs into your body also created the air necessary for you to live.

There are about one hundred trillion cells in man. Three thousand different reactions occur in a cell in a second. Since there are one hundred trillion cells in man, the change in the human body in one second is equal to three thousand X one hundred trillion.

O the person who claims that there is chaos in the universe! If even only one of the so many events that occur in one second in your body does not occur, or if it happens in a wrong way, your life will end in a moment. Give an answer now: Who realizes the three thousand different chemical events in a second in a cell that is like a tiny pot? Who manages the billions of chemical events that happen in one second throughout the body? These events continue when you are asleep too. Even if you are awake, you know that you cannot intervene in the least in these events in your body. What other mercy do you want?

After swallowing the food that you put in your mouth, you have no effect on it. Can you arrange where, when and how much of the food that enters your stomach will go? Although man is the most intelligent and conscious being in the world, it is clear that he does not do all this. So, who does these things in your body all the time? A sparrow in the air? A frog in the swamp? A fish in the sea? The sun or the moon in the air?

Where is chaos in your body? Do you not like the location of your stomach? Or do you want one of your eyes to be on top of your head and one on your forehead? If you are not satisfied with the shape of your ears, what animal’s ears do you want? There is no abnormality and confusion in your body and in the whole universe. There is no mess or chaos there at all. Those confusions are in your mind and realm. In fact, there is no such confusion and chaos.

The existence of Allah is as necessary and as certain as the existence of the universe. It is astonishing that a person who sees the science and scientists behind today’s spacecraft and knows the difficulty of keeping them constantly in space cannot see the one that created the system called the universe, which is made up of countless celestial bodies with different sizes and speeds, and maintains it.

It is the mercy of Allah that makes non-living beings help living beings, plants help animals, and the entire universe help man; and it is a proof showing that He loves especially man.

The science of ecology cannot show any unnecessary and useless living beings. On the contrary, it states that every living being in the system fulfills important tasks. There are many wisdoms behind the death of a living being and its being a sustenance to another living being; and the system continues based on those fine balances.

An example in ecology books: They removed otters from a stream because they ate the fish there. It was observed that the fish populations in that stream soon collapsed. The research showed that otters ate diseased fish, prevented epidemic diseases and enabled healthier fish populations. The fish populations were restored in the river after otters were put in the stream. Similar examples are often seen in ecology books. We understand from it that the system was fortunately not built based on human desires. As a matter of fact, there is confusion and irregularity in everything that is intervened by man.

God Almighty could have created you as a stone, tree or any animal. You should thank Allah creating you as a human being. What would be missing if Allah had not created you? Would the sun not rise? Would plants be dehydrated? Who would have prevented it if He had created you as a cat or a mouse? No being has the right to choose at this point. God Almighty creates whatever He wants in the way and type He wants and sends it to this world for a short time.

The Quran tells us that every being in the kingdom of plants and animals, except human beings, is pleased with their own life and praises and thanks their creator.

Why do those who cannot accept the number of animals slaughtered in Eid al-Adha (Sacrifice Festival)in terms of mercy not take into account that the number of animals slaughtered in a few days for meat is more than those slaughtered in Eid al-Adha? Is it not necessary for those who bring forward this claim to show that they are sincere in their thoughts by not eating meat at all?

The Quran declares that the Mercy of Allah is very vast and that one percent of this mercy was distributed to all the creatures to come up to the Day of Judgment. The one percent includes all plants, animals and humans; you can understand your share out of it. With the little mercy given to you, you dare to claim that God Almighty is merciless. It means you do not know your place. Know your place. Otherwise, the angels of Hell will make you know your place in the Hereafter.

Man was created as the fruit of this tree of universe Everything that exists in it works directly or indirectly for man. Unlike animals, man was given an important faculty like the mind that could recognize the creator; and it was made obligatory for him to know his Lord. After such ranks and positions, man dares to disobey Lord. The result of this great ungratefulness will of course be punishment.

The main problems of those who regard the universe to be meaningless and in chaos originate from the fact that they cannot answer the following questions:

What is man? Why was he sent to this universe? Where will he go from here? What is the reality of death? Why does man die? Those questions and similar ones have always been asked. The Quran gave the most comprehensive answer to them. Therefore, it is necessary to refer to Islamic sources regarding the issue. The most detailed one of them is the Risale-i Nur collection.

Man was sent to this world for a very short time, not to remain permanently. To put it briefly, man was created with a great ability and talent. The occurrence of those abilities is possible only through testing. Hz. Abubakr and Abu Jahl are separated from each other with this test.

Therefore, man will be tested with poverty, wealth, sickness and misfortunes, whether he behaves fairly or not, knows God or not, and worships him or not in this world; he will be sent to the eternal realm after he receives a degree accordingly.

Those who do not take them into consideration and who think that human beings were sent to this world to remain eternally, who do not know Allah and do not know the hereafter see everything in chaos and live in Hell while they are still in the world.

Look at the mercy of Allah! Although you deny Him, He fulfills all your needs and maintains your life.

Belief in Allah is a light that and it illuminates both the inner and outer world of man as well as the hereafter. We have nothing to say those who are deprived of this light, but to wish guidance for them from Allah.

8-) Question 24: Why did Allah create bacteria first, a bit more complex living beings after that, plants afterwards, in a way from simple to complex?

Answer: Allah is wise. That is, there is a lot of wisdom in everything He does. Nothing is random. What Allah creates certainly has more than one useful aspect. The duty of science and scientist should be to show their benefits and wisdom. It should not be to seeka mistake and lack of wisdom and then to attribute Allah’s property to causes and nature. Unfortunately, the supporters of materialist philosophy and those who do not believe in Allahalwaysstate that there is no wisdom and benefit in the creation of beings in order to attribute everything to chance and causes.

It is not possible for everybody to know the purposes of wisdom in the creation of every being. Many of them will be revealed through scientific research over time. That is the task of science anyway. If the purposes and wisdoms of creation of a being have not been scientifically revealed yet, how will people who are not in this field find an answer to it? It is not a wise act to question the wisdom in the creation of every living being all the time and to test whether it is the work of Allah because no matter how much a person knows, it is not possible to know how and why every being was created and to know the purpose and wisdom of their creation. When adequate answers are not found to such questions, some atheists step inunder the name of friendship and so-called science and start to suggest that those beings are not the work of Allah.

Therefore, a person who believes in Allah accepts that every being, from an atom to a galaxy, is the work of Allah. He knows that Allah creates everything with multiple wisdoms and purposes, not one. He accepts that knowing every purpose and wisdom of every being in this sense can only be shown by the people of that field through scientific studies.

Now let us go back to the question above in the light of this information: If multicellular creatures had been created first, the environment would not have been suitable for them; how would those creatures have found food and lived? For example, if the soil had not developed on the ground and there had been no microorganisms, how would the daisy have lived? What would the sheep have fed on in dry mountains and stones without grass? If man had been created before plants and animals, what would he have eaten? Allah created milk in the breast of the mother before the baby was born; similarly, when a suitable environment became ready for certain animals, He created the living beings that could live in that environment during the first creation.

Allah created the universe and the beings in it gradually, that is, step by step. As a matter of fact, the creation today is also gradual. For example, the development of man, who comes to the realm of beings as a cell, is completed in nine months; it takes nine to ten months for a wheat grain thrown into the field to develop and mature.

Since the world is a place of testing, Allah links the creation of all beings to time and a number of reasons. If He wishes, He can create and destroy everything all of a sudden. However, His wisdom, that is, His name Hakim, does not allow it.

9-) Question 11: A friend of mine opposed the information “man was created from a sperm drop”in the Quran. He said it was something that could be known by anybody in the era when the Quran was sent down

Answer: Before Islam, people used to make idols from halwa and worship them. He did not know how and by whom he was created. The Quran informed them about their creator and stated that Allah was the creator of everything including themselves.

The Quran addresses all people to come until Doomsday. Therefore, people in every era learn from the Quran how they should understand their creator, what their duties toward Allah are, who created them, who will resurrect and how they will be taken into account. That is the main duty of religion. The stages of the creation of each being and how they were created are explained within the framework of the information of the people of every era. Knowing them down to the last details will only concern those who are engaged in that science. What a Muslim needs to know about creation is that everything is created by Allah and that they will be resurrected by Him.

There are tens of verses in the Quran about the creation of man. Some of them are as follows:

It is Allah Who created you in a state of (helpless) weakness (ar-Rum, 54).

It is We Who have created you: why will ye not witness the Truth?

Do ye then see?- The (human Seed) that ye throw out,- Is it ye who create it, or are We the Creators? (al-Waqia, 57-59)

In the verses above, God Almighty attracts attention to the fact that sperm, which forms the basis of man, is created from human body and that man is created from that sperm.

What man needs to know is not the content of this sperm, but the miracle of the creation of the organs like eyes, ears, hand and feet from sperm, which is like a drop of water, and to know who does it.

Suppose that the Quran said, “Do you not look at sperm, the chromosomes in it and the genes that have man’s genetic traits on those?”

The people of that era, who did not know about chromosomes and genes, and who did not have the devices to examine them would have justifiably said, “What we see is a drop of water. It is utterly imaginary and nonsensical. Can there be a religion like that”.

A person who knows that Allah created man from sperm in the form of a drop of water is a believer and a candidate for Paradise. However, if a person who knows that sperm in detail and who has received the Nobel prize in the subject of genes and chromosomes does not know Allah and attributes them to chance and nature, that person is a candidate for Hell.

That is the main duty of the religion: To inform people about the creator and to make them know Him. It will be through examples that people will understand and know.

Some of the verses stating that the first man was created out of clay, that his offspring was created from sperm and that he will be resurrected after death by Allah are as follows:

Man We did create from a quintessence (of clay); Then We placed him as (a drop of) sperm in a place of rest, firmly fixed; Then We made the sperm into a clot of congealed blood; then of that clot We made a (fetus) lump; then we made out of that lump bones and clothed the bones with flesh; then we developed out of it another creature. So blessed be Allah, the best to create! After that, at length ye will die: Again, on the Day of Judgment, will ye be raised up (al-Mu’minun, 12-16).

He Who has made everything which He has created most good: He began the creation of man with (nothing more than) clay, And made his progeny from a quintessence of the nature of a fluid despised: But He fashioned him in due proportion, and breathed into him something of His spirit. And He gave you (the faculties of) hearing and sight and feeling (and understanding): little thanks do ye give!?

And they say: “What! when we lie, hidden and lost, in the earth, shall we indeed be in a Creation renewed?” Nay, they deny the Meeting with their Lord.

Say: The Angel of Death, put in charge of you, will (duly) take your souls: then shall ye be brought back to your Lord (as-Sajda, 7-11).

Now let man but think from what he is created! He is created from a drop emitted-Proceeding from between the backbone and the ribs: Surely (Allah) is able to bring him back (to life)! (at-Tariq, 5-8).

And your creation or your resurrection is in no wise but as an individual soul: for Allah is He Who hears and sees (all things) (Luqman, 28).

In the verses above, God Almighty attracts attention to fact that man was created by Allah and that he will be created by Allah again in the hereafter.

It is indicated in the Quran that all living beings were created from water (sperm) as follows:

And Allah has created every animal from water: of them there are some that creep on their bellies; some that walk on two legs; and some that walk on four. Allah creates what He wills for verily Allah has power over all things (an-Nur, 45).

Conclusion:

The Quran informs people about Allah and their duties toward Allah; it teaches people that they will be resurrected after death, called to account for what they do in the world and that those who believe and do good deeds will be sent to Paradise and those who do not accept Allah will be sent to Hell, where they will remain forever.

In order to inform people about those things, the facts are told to them by drawing attention to what they know and see and by giving examples related to them. The Quran was not sent down to tell people about all sciences in detail.

Besides, is the purpose man’s being sent to the world not to know Allah and worship Him? Dealing with science and philosophy is left to people’s own preferences. It is stated by the Quran that he who does not know science and philosophy but knows Allah and worships Him will go to Paradise and that he who knows science and philosophy very well but who does not know Allah will go to Hell.

If man looks at his own creation beginning from the zygote, which is a cell, he will understand that it is done by Allah. In fact, everything, from the circulation of blood in his body to the renewal of the cells every moment so that he will continue living, takes place outside the power and will of man. Who does all those things?

The Prophet states the following in a hadith: “He who knows his soul knows Allah.” (see Ajluni, 2/262). Thus, man can find Allah and understand His power and strength by looking at his own creation and the continuation of his life all the time.

This world is the world testing. If man wishes, he can believe and make his world good and his afterlife nice; or, he can deny Allah, ruining both his world and his afterlife. A small sign is enough for those who understand and believe but all evidence is meaningless and insufficient for those who do not understand and whose hearts and souls are completely distorted. The following is stated in a proverb:

A word to the wise is enough.

10-) Question 68: In a conversation with an atheist, he said the blind spot in the eye was a deficiency of the creator’s design. I could not persuade him. I will be glad if you give a logical, convincing answer.

Answer: First of all, a person who believes in creation has no duty of persuading someone who denies Allah. It is enough if one persuades his own soul. Accepting the issue of creation is a matter of belief. Belief is a light granted by Allah after an individual uses his partial free will. Many blind spots will surely be seen by the eyes of anyone deprived of this light and will prevent him from seeing Allah.

The following is stated in the Quran for such people:

They have hearts wherewith they understand not, eyes wherewith they see not, and ears wherewith they hear not. The world is a place of testing. A door is opened for the mind here; free will is not removed. A person must be free to accept Allah or not.

Allah has created any organ or organism in the best way that it can be. Since man’s knowledge is limited, he cannot show the structures of the organs in all aspects. Many organs that used to be deemed as unnecessary turned out to have many functions after some research. There are tens of examples like that.

Ask the one who is obsessed with the blind spot in the eye: Didtulips or daffodils give him a heart that functions, lungs that operate, a stomach that desires food, a mind that thinks and eyes that see when he was a single cell in his mother’s womb? Or, did frogs in the swamp give them to him? Or did her mother?

Will a person who cannot find Allah by looking at his own creation and denies Him be able to recognize and know Allah if the duties of the blind spot in the eye are shown? I donot think so. While all the beings in the universe show Allah, he seeks evidence for the non-existence of Allah based on his own mind.

The whole universe is like a large sophisticated machine or a computer. No matter how large your file is on the computer, a tiny virus outside your program can deactivate your file. That is, every point and letter of the file you use should be under your control. The whole universe is like a file of Allah. Even a character, that is, a letter or an atom, cannot be unattended in this realm. If they were, all beings would become messy and out of order; the universe file would not work.

You can look at that blind spot from this angle. It is Allah who places that blind spot there whether or not it has a function, makes the eye and gives the task of seeing to the eye. It is the duty of science to find and show what its duties are.

11-) Question 26: Why does Allah create disabled and mutated beings?

Answer: Allah imposed some laws like growing, development, differentiation and reproduction regarding creation and He attributed these laws to certain causes. These laws are valid for not only human beings but also all of the other living beings.

Allah gave every living being an ultimate point, which is the most developed and most suitable for that living being. It is called the perfection point, that is, the perfect state of that living being. There is a perfection point for a tulip, rose, nightingale, cow, fly, horse, etc. There are certain causes and laws for that species of living being to reach that perfection point. If these laws are not obeyed, that living being dies before reaching the perfection point. It does not matter whether it is a human being, plant or animal. For instance, some faults occur in the structure of a living being that cannot get enough water or food. The degree of this fault and illness is directly proportional to obtaining the substance that this living being needs.

Similarly, some changes called mutation can take place in a living being that becomes exposed to radiation in the embryonic phase. Disabilities and abnormalities can occur in that living being depending on the length and magnitude of the radiation. A living being can be exposed to radiation or similar chemical reactions in natural environment or in a laboratory. For example, some chemical experiments applied on rats or rabbits in laboratories can cause them to be disabled in some way or other. All of the changes and differentiation that can occur this way are issues of research and investigation.

After this preliminary knowledge, we can go back to the question, “Why does Allah create disabled and mutated living beings?” The answer is as follows: When you intervene in the causes and laws, you will get results based on what you do.

That is, God Almighty answers your question. Is it not more appropriate for His wisdom and justice? For instance, we wander what will happen if we apply a certain amount of x-rays on the mouse embryo in the uterus. We will find out when we do it. The result may be a disabled or ill mouse.

Some people state the following: What about the disabled births that occur though we do not intervene at all from outside?

Not everything is subject to our knowledge. There are so many incidents happening in our own body that we do not know; what we know is a drop in the ocean compared to them. For example, if the baby is unable to breathe due to remaining too long in the birth canal during birth, damage to the brain cells may occur. It causes mental retardation.

A drug taken by the mother during her pregnancy, something haram she eats or exposure to the radiation of the environment without knowing may cause a number of disorders.

The aspect of this disabled creation related to the hereafter and the role of that family or individual deeds in the past or the future should not be overlooked.

Another aspect of mutated, that is, imperfect creation, related to people is that the world is a place of testing. The mother and father may attain salvation in eternal life by taking care of their disabled child. Similarly, the disabled or retarded state of that child will enable him to attain salvation in eternal life. If he had been created healthy, instead of being disabled, he might have stayed eternally in Hell due to some of his bad deeds.

What leads us to mistakes regarding the issue is the thought that life consists of the world life only. In other words, man regards all good and nice things he will see to be limited to this worldly life. However, the real life is life in the hereafter. This worldly life is as short as a traveler’s resting in the shade of tree during a journey compared to the hereafter. Therefore, we should evaluate worldly life taking eternal life into consideration. If a person goes to the other world without attaining salvation, it does not matter how he lives in this world.

Above all, God Almighty has absolute justice, mercy and grace. The universe is the property of Allah. He has the right to do whatever He wishes in his property. It is up to His decision what living beingswill be created and how they will be created.

In conclusion, God Almighty has attributed everything to a law and cause. Some deformities or illnesses occur in the individuals in the realm of living beings based on whether these causes and laws are obeyed or not. You can also call it an answer according to a question. In the realm of the living beings, the answers to the questions are obtained through experiments and practices. Allah’s wisdom, justice and sovereignty in creation necessitate this. For, whatever Allah has done is definitely for the good and benefit of human beings. This kindness and beauty are also related to life in the hereafter. Since we want the world life always to be beautiful, we react very much even if a thorn pricks our foot. However, it is possible to attain eternal life only through patience in the face of pains, problems, evil deeds and misfortunes.

12-) Question 30: How does Allah’s power become manifest through causes?

Answer: Allah made causes veils for His activities in the universe. He put the apple fruit on top of the apple tree. He made a number of causes and laws a veil for the formation of this fruit. Here we understand that some causes and laws become veils for the power of Allah because causes are helpless, ignorant, lifeless, unknowing but the results show a high knowledge, infinite will and power. In other words, it is absolutely impossible for those causes to give those results.

Let us take a closer look at the causes that make the apple occur. The apple has a certain shape. That is, it was made neatly; a peel was placed outside, and certain elements that are needed by human body were placed in certain proportions inside. All of the genetic features of the apple are recorded in the DNA in the seed. A vast knowledge, infinite power and willpower are necessary to do all this.

We can divide the causes that play a role in the formation of the apple into two groups. One of them is non-living and the other is living ones. It is not possible for non-living things such as soil, air, water and sun to make an apple and put it on the tree. As for living beings, we divide them into three: Plants, animals and humans. The one among them that has intelligence, consciousness, will and power is man. Only man can make the apple among them. However, man also asks who makes this apple.

That is, the one who makes the apple must have a high knowledge, infinite power and will. The pear, the cow, the fly and the human being are all created in the same way as the apple. However, causes are used as veils in their creation. Mother and father are causes in the creation of man. Nevertheless, it is seen that the mother and father do not play a role in the creation of the child. That is, the mother and father have no role in the division of the cells of that child, formation of his organs, nutrition of the cells. If the mother and father who have knowledge, will and power have no role in the formation of the child, it is quite obvious that lifeless, unconscious, ignorant and powerless atoms and molecules will have no effect.

Causes are veils for Allah’s knowledge, will and power

No matter what living being is in question and no matter in what environment it is, any changes that may occur in its body will be through the knowledge, will and power of Allah. The environmental conditions are only causes. As the tree is the cause of apple, the seed is the cause of the tree. Causes seem to be making and managing the beings. In fact, there is a distance as great as the distance between the earth and the sky between the cause making a being and that being.

The sky and the mountain appear to be adjacent in the horizon but the distance between them is almost as great as the distance between the earth and the sky. In fact, it is Allah who does the real work behind causes. Man intervenes consciously in the structure of living beings but he is also a cause because it is Allah who makes and renews the cells of living beings, who gives knowledge, will and life to manand who arranges his work.

Allah wants and encourages us to examine the book of the universe, that is, all the beings in the universe and the laws that they are subject to, and to find and show the laws and principles among the beings and their functioning, with the knowledge, will and power He has given us.

However, we must not attribute Allah’s property to causes and chance when we find them with the rules of science.

13-) Question 43: Does qadar not limit free will? When a person is ordered to move his fingers, he becomes aware of it 0.5 second later. That is, the decision is made in the brain before the individual decides.

Answer: It is necessary to have some basic knowledge to understand qadar (predestination) correctly. A meaning of qadar is plan and program. In other words, it is the detailed planning and determination of something to be done in advance. God Almighty did not give us much information about qadar. However, He informed us about the issues that made us responsible and gave us responsibility.

It is possible to divide qadar into two:

1-Compulsory qadar

2-Voluntary qadar.

1- Compulsory qadar is qadar that is beyond our will and choice. For example, the issues such as coming from this mother and that father, being created in this century, being a man or woman are among this group and they are completely out of our will. We are not held responsible for them because they are out of our will. That is, we know through our conscience that God Almighty will not ask us the following or a similar one: Why did you come to this world in this century?

2- Voluntary qadar is qadar that depends on our will and for which we are held responsible. What makes us responsible here is the choice that we make with our own free will. However, we must be informed before this choice. That is, we need to know the benefits and harms, the good and bad aspects of what we want to do. For example, if there are two ways, one going to a pub and the other going to a mosque, we need to know the benefits and harms of the things to be done at the end of these ways. Prophets and books were sent by Allah to inform us about them. After knowing them, Allah lets us free to choose. Allah creates whichever way we intend to go.

We call that will in the choice, partial free will, intention, or wish. This partial free will or its use is accepted as a nominal thing, that is, an abstract concept. For example, all infinitives are nominal things. That is, they have no external bodies. In other words, they are abstract concepts: to come; to go, to eat, to sleep, etc. Similarly, partial free will does not have an external body; therefore, choice can be given to the slave since it is not accepted as an entity.

It is Allah who creates the deed of going to pub or mosque. The responsibility of man here originates from his intention and wish. Man is completely free to use this wish or intention, or his partial free will. In case of any limitation or force in man’s use of this partial free will, he will not be held responsible for it. What is more, he will not be held responsible when he does not know where those roads lead, what is forbidden and what is permissible. In responsibility, it is essential for the will to be used freely. That is, the universal will of Allah is subject to our partial free will. That is why we take responsibility.

Another issue is that Allah knows beforehand what we will do. Allah Almighty’s name Alim (Knower of All)becomes manifest in qadar. The principle of that name is based only on knowing. That is, He knows what we will do. That He knows what we will do does not force us to do it. For example, we know where and when the sun will rise and we arrange a calendar for our tasks accordingly. The calendar is, in a way, the qadar notebook of the sun. The sunset does not occur at a certain time because we have written that time in the calendar, but we know the time of sunset beforehand and write it in the qadar notebook of the sun accordingly, in a sense.

Thus, Allah knows what man will do before he does and writes accordingly. We do not do those deeds because He has written.

In conclusion, man can choose the way of unbelief or the way of belief with his partial free will. Allah does not like it when he chooses the way of unbelief. Therefore, man is threatened with the violence, horror and torment of Hell if he chooses the way of denial; he is encouraged to return any moment with repentance from bad deeds; when he commits a bad deed or a sin, it is recorded as one but when he does a good deed, it is recorded as at least ten and it can increase up to forty thousand.

It is the spirit that does deeds in human body

The determination of the human decision about doing a deed is possible with the signal given by the brain cells. However, it is not possible for brain cells, which consist of unconscious atoms and which are pieces of meat, to make a conscious decision about an issue. It is the spirit that does this deed.

Likewise, what enables seeing in man is the spirit, not the eye. The spirit watches the world through the window of the eye. Without an eye, the spirit cannot perform the deed of seeing just like someone sitting in a room watching outside through the window. It is man, not the window, that sees outside. However, in the absence of a window, man cannot see outside.

The place of fulfilment of some commands and orders that man takes and intentions and decisions he makes is the brain. However, it is the spirit that works here, makes decisions and applies them. As a matter of fact, since spirit comes out of a dead person, it is not possible for him to perform some acts and behaviors even though his brain cells are present.

The overlooked point in the experiment about the decision time on brain cells above is the existence of the spirit. What they measure is the physiological behavior and response of cells. The being they claim to have already made the decision is the spirit. Since the spirit moves in the form of imagination, its speed exceeds the dimension of time and space that we perceive. For example, the fastest moving object is sunlight. Although the light from the sun comes to us in 8 minutes, we can go to the sun in an instant through imagination. Therefore, there is no time, space, distance and closeness in the deeds of the spirit on the human body and related to its management. Distance and closeness are equal for the spirit. It is not possible to compare the time and duration of body movements based on electrical conduction with the duration of decision-making and implementation of the spirit.

The point that is overlooked in the experiments in this issue is the existence of this spirit. When the issue is viewed from this window, man knows that he makes the decision with his free will, to do or not to do certain acts, and that Allah Almighty creates that deed accordingly and takes the responsibility.

14-) Question 41: Are there any evidences supporting scientifically that animals glorify Allah?

Answer: Not only animals but all beings glorify Allah. It is stated in the Quran that whatever is in the world and in the sky glorify and mention Allah. However, it is stated that we cannot understand them. The natural duty of each being is interpreted as its worship. The sheep’s yielding milk, the bee’s yielding honey and apple tree’s yielding apple are expressed as their worship in a sense.

Electrons revolve around the nucleus of the atom 60 thousand times per second. Molecules are also mobile. The world, the moon and the solar system also move. All objects in space move. In short, everything in the universe, from atoms to galaxies, is in motion. The movements and acts of beings are also accepted as their dhikr. From this point of view, it means everything mentions and glorifies Allah and worship Him.

The miracles of prophets draw the boundaries for us related tothe talking of animals and their mentioning Allah. You know that Allah states in the Quran that He taught Hz. Sulayman (Solomon) the language of all animals. It is also stated in the Quran that a female ant told the other ants to enter their nests of because Hz. Sulayman’s army was coming and that the army could harm them unknowingly, that Hz. Sulayman heard it and praised Allah because of it.

It is also stated in the Quran that the hoopoe came to Hz. Sulayman and told him that the Yemeni queen Belqis and her nation abandoned worshipping Allah and worshipped the sun. What we understand from all this is that the animal kingdom speaks in their own language and mentions Allah.

The talking of animals is in the form of producing sounds at certain frequencies. It is not possible for us to perceive these frequencies for the time being just as we cannot directly perceive the sound and images uploaded on radio and television waves. There are laboratory studies to determine the frequencies of sound waves that change depending on the behavior of some animals. It may be possible to bring them to the frequency that we will perceive. If the sound frequency of an animal can be adapted to our sound frequency, we can understand the speech of that animal. Or if Allah gives us a talent like that of Hz. Sulayman, we can enter the realm of those animals and understand what they are talking about.

We should add that science tries to detect the behavior and movements of animals. Determining their dhikr is not the subject of science. It is the subject of philosophy and religions.

15-) Question 44: What is the position of a person, in terms of faith, who accepts that matter is pre-eternal and that galaxies and living beings came into being after Allah shaped matter? Did previous prophets tell their ummahs about Big Bang?

Answer: Matter is not pre-eternal. It is only Allah, who is pre-eternal and post-eternal. He created all creatures. He was not created. Whatever has been created is a creature; a creature cannot be a deity. Matter’s being pre-eternal means accepting matter as a separate deity as equal to or a partner of Him along with Allah’s pre-eternity.

Why should matter be pre-eternal? Matter’s being pre-eternal means its being outside Allah’s decree. A deity other than Allah will create matter or matter will exist spontaneously without any external power as if it is a deity. The understanding of deity in Islam does not accept such a belief. A person who has such an approach and belief exits the religion of Islam

However, imagining that matter can be eternal, or thinking about it does not make a person exit Islam because, imagination, contemplation, meditation and thinking are not decrees. Likewise, thinking about unbelief does not make a person an unbeliever. In other words, if someone who believes in Allah puts himself in the place of a person who accepts the pre-eternality of matter but does not accept the existence of Allah in order to understand his state and world of thought, he will not be held responsible for it. However, it is a decree to accept or approve that opinion or thought; it makes man responsible.

In short, it is one thing to know something and it is another thing to accept and believe it. You can know the view that accepts matter as pre-eternal and its rationale. If you are a teacher, you can tell that some philosophers accept the pre-eternality of matter. Knowing a matter scientifically is one thing and believing that it is true is another thing. A Muslim’s approving and accepting the pre-eternality of matter makes him exit from the religion of Islam.

It is unknown to us whether the previous prophets told their ummahs about the issue of Big Bang. What is the Big Bang? The Big Bang is a way of thinking that tries to explain how the universe was created for the first time and what phases it underwent. The basic principles that the prophets wanted to convey both to the people before us, the people of this era and the people after us, have always been the same. There might be some change in explanation according to the understanding of the addressee only. However, the basic principles are always the same.

Allah, who has infinite knowledge, will and power created everything from atoms to galaxies. The world is a place of testing. After death, everyone will be resurrected and called to account for what they did in the world and what they did not do though they should have done. Those who obey Allah’s orders in the world will be rewarded in Paradise and those who do not obey will be punished in Hell. The other events are details compared to them and people are interested in them and value them to the extent that they clarify and support those basic principles. That is, it is not important for a person who knows Allah and obeys Him whether the universe is shaped in three minutes or in thirteen minutes in terms of the basic principles listed above because that person accepts and approves that everything is created by Allah. It does not matter for that person how the shape and nature of creation is. That incident is a pointin the agenda of only the scientists who are concerned with this issue.

It is necessary to evaluate what all the prophets reported to their ummahs from this point of view. Therefore, it is not a deficiency in the belief and faith of the people of the past, if they did not know, for example, the atom and the cell.

Today’s man knows the structure and functions of the atom and the cell, but if he attributes it to chance and nature, he exits the religion; if he attributes it to Allah and regards it as His work of art, his spiritual rank will rise.

In the past, the knowledge of peoplewas simple. However, if the faith of those people was proper, there is no problem. The knowledge of today’s people about the environment and the universe is quite extensive. If he easily finds the existence of Allah with that knowledge, there is no problem. However, if this knowledge distances him from the creator, the real problem begins there. Unfortunately, many people today believe in science like a religion, and the existence of the creator does not occupy much room in his world. On the other hand, malicious people who want to benefit from this weak spot of some people present their philosophical thoughts and opinions based on unbelief as scientific knowledge and distance today’s people from Allah more than the people in the past.

In this respect, it is important for someone how much he knows about the universe, but it is important whether he knows Allah or not because the main purpose of the life and creation of man is to know Allah truly and obey and worship Him. The more knowledgeable a person who looks at the universe through such a window of faith, the better he will know and understand Allah. It is called the knowledge of Allah or marifatullah.

Criticism of the pre-eternity of matter

Atoms form the basis of matter. There are about 114 atoms with their isotopes that are known. The issue of how these atoms emerged or by whom they were created has been a matter of debate throughout human history. For a certain time, philosophers argued that matter did not have a creator and that it had always existed since pre-eternity.

Atoms consist of nuclei and electrons around it as the basic structure. Besides, each atom has a structure peculiar to it. There are electromagnetic forces and gravitational forces that keep the electrons around the atom and the protons in the nucleus in balance. There are also smaller particles such as neutrons, quarks and neutrinos in the structure of the atom. Both electrons and protons rotate in certain orbits.

In short, the subatomic particles forming the structure of each atom coming together to form the atom and showing a certain character necessitates infinite knowledge, will and power. However, these properties do not exist in atoms or subatomic particles. It is not possible for them to emerge without a creator who has knowledge, will and power, and who can see and know creator who will take the atoms from the world of non-existence and give each of them their unique characteristics. Therefore, atoms and matter made up of them cannot be pre-eternal. It is created by a creator who knows and sees and has power over everything.

16-) Question 76: Is Archaeopteryx a transitional form between reptiles and birds?

Answer: A fossil discovered by the museum director Widword in 1861 was named Archaeopteryx and it was proposed as a transitional form between reptiles and birds. It was claimed as a result of the detailed studies done afterwards that the feather marks of this fossil on the stone were made manually, that is, they were fake, and that the fossil itself belonged to a lizard.

It is stated that this archaeopteryx fossil lived about 140 million years ago. However, a fossil called Protoavis (the first bird) that lived 225 million years ago was discovered by Sankar Chatterjee in the West Texas Desert.¹.

This fossil, which is understood to have lived on the earth 85 million years ago before the Archeopteryx, has the structure of a bird and is regarded as the ancestor of birds. In that case, Archaepteryx cannot be a transitional form.

Alan Feduccia, who is an expert on birds, states the following regarding the issue:

I have studied bird skulls for twenty-five years. I do not see any similarities whatsoever between them and dinosaurs. The theropod origins of birds, in my opinion, will be the greatest embarrassment of paleontology of the 20th century.²

When an expert talks about an issue, the others need to keep silent. There is something about which I am curious. Are the friends who are asked these questions and who express them and deal with these kinds of issues experts on birds, or are they the ones who want to satisfy their curiosity and get information and benefit from the evolution studies on this issue? I have nothing to say to those in the first group. They examine the evidences that are put forward as a necessity of their profession, evaluate them and express their opinions.

If they are from the second group, I will give them the following advice: If you expect to get information and findings that will enlighten you and offer you rich and vast knowledge and benefit from here, I can definitely say that you are wrong. This field of evolution philosophy will batter you. It will destroy your eye and mind and sound ideas in you because people who do not have sufficient expertise and investigative belief related to these issues have always fallen into confusion spiritually and mentally. Something like that is definitely awaiting you.

I may explain what I mean here with an example: Suppose that one researcher found a fossil with the features of half a bird and half a reptile. Evolutionists who defend atheism will put forward this fossil as evidence for their claim that birds evolved from reptiles by chance. What will you do in that case? Will you accept that living beings emerged from one another by chance as evolutionists claim and exclude the creator? If you do so, it is inevitable for you to go mad in this field.

“Just as Allah creates every living being from a single cell today so too did He create such a living being in the past. Such abnormal structures cannot be the beginning and origin of a systematic chain.” If you can say that, there is no problem. Then, you will be safe from confusion and madness.

State the same thing in order to eliminate your hesitations and expectations regarding the issue and say, “The control of everything is in the hands of Allah. Even an atom is not free from His knowledge, will and power. Just as He creates the living and non-living beings of today so too did He create the beings in the past; He will create the beings in the future in the same way. Our duty is to examine those works of art and thank and praise Him for all the beings He bestowed upon us in this universe.”

If you try to test whether Allah exists or not based on the evidence for the existence or non-existence of a number of fossils in the past, you will lose at the beginning. For, none of those who entered this field with such an expectation was able to survive. You cannot be an exception. Therefore, do not dive blindly into the quagmire whose depth you do not know. Your regret will be too late.

1.Time, 25 August, 1986, p.36.
2.Shipman, S. Birds do it. Did Dinosaurs? New Scientist, 1 February, 1997, p.28.

17-) Question 63: Does the first synthetic bacterium that scientists produced in Craig Venter Institute and its transfer to a bacterial cell of mycoplasma species have anything to do with creating something out of nothing? What is its place in Islam?

Answer: Craig Venter is the head of the team that showed the genetic array in man. He injected a DNA whose array he changed into a bacterium; and this array was synthesized in the form of a cell in the bacterium.

In fact, this technique is not new. Some viruses with tiny structures are parasites and they can live inside bacteria cells. Viruses living inside bacteria are called phage. The single-arrayed DNA of the phage sticking to a bacterium cell is transferred to the bacterium cell. After the DNAs of the phage enter into the bacterium, the bacterium biosynthesis mechanism enters the service of the multiplication of the phage and the bacterium’s own chromosome and hence its DNA are destroyed. Certain phage enzymes are first produced by the infected bacteria; after that, phage DNAs and phage filling proteins are synthesized. Phage cover forms around the phages whose genetic structure is completed. Thus, a large number of phages, i.e. viruses, are formed in the bacterial cell. Then, the bacteria wall is softened and the bacteria are exploded; then, mature phages are released.

This event, which takes place in free nature, was also used in laboratory; genetic structures of some substances like insulin were injected into a bacterium and the synthesis of those substances were made in the past. It is understood that instead of the DNA of the virus, some arrays in some parts of the DNA are changed now and a DNA with new arrays is obtained. When that DNA with new arrays is injected into a bacterium, the genetic code of the bacterium is destroyed and that new DNA is synthesized. When the phage covers form around those DNAs, the bacterium cell is torn and new phages, i.e. viruses appear. Thus, viruses with new genetic arrays are obtained.

It is not creating a new living being but cloning a new living being. This study, which Craig Venter did, is a different form of cloning sheep. Another similar way of it is grafting watermelon onto a squash seedling and getting watermelon from a squash plant. Everything in the universe is under the control of Allah’s knowledge and will. With scientific studies, we try to explain and understand the laws and principles He imposed in the universe.

The question is about how this subject can be evaluated in terms of science and religion. The approach of science and the religion of Islam is not different in such issues. In other words, there is no conflict between Islam and science because Islam accepts the entire universe as a book, that is, the book of the universe written with 114 elements. Every spring season seems to be a page of this book; the centuries are like the fascicules of that book. Man is a word in this book. The subject of all sciences is this book of the universe. That is, the duty of sciences is to find and show the structures of all living and non-living beings that fill the realm with stones, soil, air and water, plants, animals and human beings, and the laws to which they are subject.

In a way, sciences interpret, that is, explain this book of the universe book. The existence of a high and deep knowledge, a broad understanding, a vast and infinite thought, a highly sensitive measure and planning, a very compassionate and artistic building are seen in the structure of each being and the laws to which each being is subject, from atoms to galaxies. This book of the universe, which is the work and art of Allah, make Him known.

Can the farmer who sows wheat in the field, waters and fertilizes it say, ‘I make this wheat grow, I give it life, and I develop and mature its cells’? If he says so, it is understood how stupid he is. It is Allah who gives life to that wheat grain and meets all needs of the cells.

What the Craig Venter team does by cloning DNA is, in principle, like the sowing wheat in the field, watering and fertilizing it. It is Allah who gives life to the living being and who creates its cells. However, it requires a more technical and precise work.

The religion of Islam encourages study and research. It is emphasized in Islamic sources that the more improvement is made in science, that is, the more knowledge is obtained about the beings, the more Allah’s activities, wisdom and domination in the universe will be known, and hence the better He will be known.

What the religion of Islam does not accept and strongly rejects is attribution of the formation of beings to causes and nature, or to individuals, that is, excluding Allah.

Since the world is the world of testing, everything happens based on a cause. Some see that everything takes place with the knowledge, will and power of Allah in this universe behind the causes while others exclude a creator and accept the causes as real doers; they attribute events to chance and nature.

18-) Question 49: They say that things exist when we look at them and that they disappear when we do not look. So,does the chair behind me disappear when I turn my back now? They claim that the universe is a hologram. It is a reflection from another place.

Answer: Suppose that things exist when you look at them and disappears when you do not look. What will you do? Are you preparing a thesis on this subject? Why do you follow such developments curiously? To enter into a discussion with half mind and almost no information about these issues means to deliberately commit suicide spiritually.

It is Allah who creates matter and assigns itits duty. He gives matter any shape He wishes and assigns it any task He wants. It is not so important for those who are not specialized in the subject, that is, those who are not researchers on the structure of matter, to know or not to know the nature of matter. It is dangerous for those who do not have enough basic knowledge about the deeds of Allah in the universe and the creation of beings, to enter into discussions with atheist philosophers on the Internet. They will either be confused, become completely mad and go to mental hospital, or become irreligious people because philosophers who professionally deny and reject a creator learn lessons from each other and from Satan about denying Allah.

No one can catch up with Satan in deceiving, cheating and trapping man because he has dealt with billions of people until now. He twists the people who rely on their knowledge and their souls and who act conceitedly with their little knowledge around his finger.

Most of the famous philosophers in this subject either committed suicide or went to mental hospitals toward the end of their lives.

Allah did not fully inform even His prophets about the reality of things. One of the prayers of the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) is as follows: O Lord! Inform me about the reality of things.

When we go back to the nature of matter in the question above after this brief introduction, it is understood that matter consists of atoms, atoms consist of subatomic particles, and subatomic particles emerge from energy condensation, and that energy emerges from the manifestation of luminosity.

To understand it better, we can think of a pen as an example. The structure of the pen is material. That is, it is made up of elements. Considering that this pen moves at the speed of light, that is, three hundred thousand kilometers per second, the pen we haveis transformed into light. If it is assumed that this pen moves faster than the speed of light, for example, at a speed of six hundred thousand kilometers per second, it is stated that the pen we have will enter the realm of tachyon, that is, it will assume luminosity and the concept of time and space will disappear in that medium.

In other words, when we consider the subatomic realm of the atoms that constitute matter, it is stated that that realm consists of energy fluctuations, backward and forward movements of tachyons and their radiations. That is, there is no tangible being around; that material structure is replaced by energy rays and luminous glitter. In other words, it can be said that material beings act in the subatomic realm as if they exist and do not exist. It does not mean to ignore the existence of matter.

In Sufism, there is the issue of wahdat al-wujud (unity of being). A similar evaluation of matter is in question there. They state the following

Lamawjudailla Hu (There is no being except Him). La mashhudailla Hu (There is no visible being except Him).

That is, all beings are regarded as non-existent in the presence of Allah’s existence. The real being belongs to Allah. The others are in the form of the shadow of His names.

Everything in the visible realm, that is, this realm in which we are in, consists of the images of the names of Allah. In other words, beings other than Allah do not have their own realities.

It is possible to express this idea in Sufism as the image of the sun in the mirrors. For example, the image of the sun becomes manifest in the mirrors on earth. The light in those mirrors and the seven colors that are connected to the light in those mirrors come from the sun, not from the inside of the mirrors. When the sun removes its light, the mirrors will be left in the dark; similarly, when Allah removes the manifestations of His names, that is, their reflections, all beings will be left in the dark, that is, in the realm of non-existence.

The evaluation that the universe is a hologram and that it is perceived as a reflection of another place is no different from it.

Holography is the name given to three-dimensional image based on laser rays. The hologram is a three-dimensional laser photo of the original object. In other words, it is the recording of three-dimensional knowledge with laser technology.

Since holograms contain depth and parallax, it allows the perimeter of the object and the objects behind it to be seen in greater depth. Thus, it becomes possible for beings to appear from many angles and depths just like what we see in real life.

Information about the existence of an object in space usually reaches us as sound waves or light waves. Holography is a technique that stores the information in the waves coming from the objects in a certain way and reveals them without any loss in this information.

As it is known, every light wave has three properties:

1- Intensity defined by wave height.

2- Color expressed by wavelength.

3-Direction.

Changes in the intensity of light are recorded in black-and-white photographs. As for color photographs, wavelength changes are recorded along with intensity of light. In holograms, the direction of the light waves is determined along with the intensity and wavelength of the light; and the object is displayed in three dimensions. For example, when a hologram with a rose image is cut into two pieces and then illuminated by a laser, each half contains the entire image of the rose. If these half pieces are split again, it is seen that each film particle contains a smaller but complete image of the original rose pattern. Unlike other photos, each part of the hologram contains all of the information applied to the whole.

In conclusion, when the universe is viewed, it is understood that the whole world, from atoms to galaxies, is intertwined like a tree, that its basic substances, movements, the laws and principles its systems are subject to are the same and that they are managed by a single hand.

When the subatomic realm is examined a little more closely, it is seen that all beings are completely stripped of matter and attain luminosity, and that they are a reflection of many names of Allah, especially the name Nur.

19-) Question 25: Why did Allah start creation from unicellular beings and extend creation over a period of time? What is the wisdom behind it?

Answer: The shortest answer to this question is: secret of testing.

God Almighty was a secret treasure; He opened this exhibition or fair of the world to see His own art and works and to show them to other beings. He arranged and lined His various beings up in the world. He invited angels, spiritual beings, people and jinn to this exhibition.

What are the secrets of this realm? What are those beings? Why were they created? Why was man sent to this world? What is his duty here? Where will he go from here? He sent His Prophet to answer such questions, and He gave the Quran, which contains the answer to those questions, to His Prophet.

If man wants to learn the secrets of this universe and his duty in this world, he must listen to the Quran and the words of the Prophet (pbuh). That is the source of it.

Allah is the owner and possessor of everything. He does whatever He wishes and however He wishes and creates accordingly. There is no difference for Him between more and less, big and small. The manifestation of His power in creating an atom is the same as His command and will in the creation of the infinite universe because He creates everything with His command and will thanks to His infinite knowledge.

A commander makes one soldier, as well as a million soldiers, walk with the command “March”. The number of the soldiers does not matter for that command.

When Allah wants to create something, His command “Be” is enough for that being to emerge. It can be an atom or the whole universe. They are the same in the face of Allah’s power and strength.

For example, when we want to weave a 100-meter-long and a meter-wide carpet, that is 100 square meters, we load the program on the computer and place the threads on the machine. That program on the computer is, in a sense, the qadar book of the carpet. The carpet will be woven according to the principles in that book. It is enough for us to press a button or give a command such as the “Be” command for that carpet to be woven. If this carpet is woven with the speed of one meter per hour, 100 meters of it will be woven in 100 hours. As it is known, a carpet is made up of threads, threads are made up of molecules and molecules are made up of atoms. When we give one command, we actually order trillions of atoms to be used in this carpet. We also know what patterns will be printed at what time.

Likewise, the earth is like a carpet. Patterns of this carpet are plants, animals and human beings. God Almighty creates each being to be included in this earth carpet in the form of a pattern with the command “Be” He gives to atoms. How and when each being is to be created is recorded both in the knowledge of Allah and in the book of qadar. A small sample of them has been placed as a genetic program in the seeds of fruits, sperm of animals and humans, and the nuclei of the cells.

Why does Allah create beings gradually though He has the power to create everything at once?

Many reasons of it can be listed. First of all, the world is a place of testing. Therefore, as a requirement of the test, the gradual way of creation was preferred; thus, a number of cause-effect relationships were established between beings. A tree became the cause for an apple and a seed became the cause for the tree; a period of 5-6 years was determined for the fruit to emerge from the seed.

At this point, some people see the hand of power of Allah behind the apple and the seed and they know that He created those beings but others lose the test by attributing it to chance, nature, or time.

If creation had taken place at once, many causes would have disappeared; almost everyone would have believed in that creation and the creator; Abu Jahl, who had a black spirit like coal and Hz. Abubakr, who had a bright spirit like diamond, would not have been distinguished from each other.

Another important point in this gradual creation is the existence of an occupation for people. The sudden emergence of the apple would have left irrigators, workers, pesticide sprayers, pruners, and guard sun employed and idle.

Every species was created separately

Both humans and apes were created separately. There is no evolution in the sense you understand, in the form of the emergence of a living being from another living species.

That living beings have common features and that they are created from the same or similar elements is evidence that their master and creator is the same, not that they emerge from one another.

When we write something, we use the 26 letters in the alphabet; similarly, God Almighty writes the beings with the 114 elements in the universe. We write the words “ape” and “man” independently of each other. Similarly, Allah creates ape and man separately. Is God Almighty obliged to create man from ape? He makes and creates whatever and however He wishes.

Besides, are plants, animals and humans not created from a single cell, separately today? The one that creates these beings today created them separately in different shapes and structures in the past too.

Suppose that you have two flash drives of the same type and brand. All of their features are the same. Are we supposed to assume they are made from one another since their matter is the same? The difference in them is the meaning that is loaded on these flash drives; and there is a person who has knowledge, will and power who uploads these meanings on those flash drives.

Another wisdom of the similarity between the basic structures of living beings is the secret of testing. Questions are similar to one another are asked in a test. Thus, those who study and know are distinguished from those who do not know.

That is also the case with man and ape. The similarity and sameness of the basic substances in them is evidence that their master is the same. The chromosome numbers and structures of two different species may also be the same. What matters is the genetic information loaded into that chromosome and who loads it.

20-) Question 74: Some scientists claim that the universe is not perfect and that there is no system. For instance, they say, “It is not perfection for animals to eat one another savagely.”They also say, “DNA’s sequence is not perfect.”Is it true?

Answer: Many scientists talk about the existence of an extremely perfect order and system in the universe. Whose statements shall we believe? Let us put those scientists aside and try to understand whether the planets move regularly or not through the language of those planets. That is, let us pay attention to their duties and course of action. For example, the earth is one of those planets. Its speed around the sun is 108 thousand kilometers per hour. As it is known, the earth rotates around itself in 24 hours. Thus, rotating around the sun with a speed of one hundred and eight thousand kilometers per hour while rotating around itself is a great speed. The earth travels at the same speed for a year, about 365 days, and completes a cycle around the sun. We learn from the calendar when the sun will rise on any day of the year anywhere. For example, it is written in the calendar that the sun will rise at 06:22 on September 2, 2015 in Antalya. Indeed, the sun rises in this city at the hour and minute shown on the calendar. How do we know this in advance and write it on the calendar? Because the earth passes from same place it passed a year ago at the same hour and at the same minute, or with a difference of a few minutes.

Just imagine: While the earth rotates rapidly around itself, it also rotates around the sun at a speed of one hundred eight thousand kilometers per hour, and passes from the same place in space at the same hour and minute. The speed of the earth does not change and its distance from the sun remains the same. It neither approaches the sun nor distances from it. If it approached the sun, all living beings would burn. If it distanced from the sun, all living beings would freeze.

The same thing is valid for the moon. It rotates both around itself and around the earth as well as around the sun at a certain speed. If it approached the earth, Doomsday would strike. Could there be a greater order and system in space than this one? Pay attention to the movements of the planets, not the words of the scientists who cannot see that great order and system in the universe.

Now let us go a bit further with you and imagine entering the community of stars and planets, that is, a galaxy. The galaxy in which we are located is called the Milky Way galaxy. Its shape is like a loaf of bread. The long axis of this galaxy is one hundred thousand light years and its short axis is 30 thousand light years long. As it is known, the speed of light is three hundred thousand kilometers per second. That is, light reaches the long axis of the Milky Way galaxy in one hundred thousand years and the short axis in 30 thousand years. It is hard to imagine this magnitude. There are billions of stars and planets in this galaxy. The earth, the sun and moon are only a few of them. These stars and planets move at a certain speed both around themselves and around many other stars and planets. There is no collision among these stars or going astray. It is estimated that there are about a billion galaxies in space like our Milky Way galaxy. The speed of some of these galaxies in space is close to the speed of light. The closest galaxy to us is the Andromeda galaxy. Its distance to us is 15 million light years. You can estimate the size of space.

In space, in galaxies moving at a speed close to the speed of light with billions of stars and planets, stars and planets in different orbits and at very different speeds neither collide one another nor go astray.

Those who claim that stars and planets move irregularly in order to hide the creator based on their own minds to make some people believe that everything happens randomly deceive only themselves. All galaxies, and the planets and stars they contain deny such scientists. Do not pay attention to such scientists, but to the galaxies, and the stars and planets they contain.

Why do those who call animals eating one another as disorder eat fish, chicken, sheep, goat and cattle themselves? Allah, who made it legitimate for them to eat these animals, made the small fish sustenance for the big fish. Thus, both the order and beauty in the universe are ensured and the sustenance for living beings is provided.

One fish lays a million eggs. If all of them became fish, the seas would be filled with fish in a few years and life would be a dungeon for all living beings due to the smell of fish. If birds did not eat locusts, some animals did not eat ants and frogs, cats and snakes did not eat mice, and eagles did not eat snakes, locusts would not leave any green leaves on the earth. Ants and frogs would cover the earth. Mice and snakes would fill houses. Those criticizing the present food order in the universe would look for a place to escape.

It is enough for those who want to see the perfection in DNA sequencing to look at their own bodies. It is an infinite possibility for the place, size and shape of each organ of human beings to be in their present form. That is, the size and shape of the eye and its location in the body are always encoded in DNA. The disorder of DNA would cause all organs to be in different places and shapes from their present state, and some organs not to occur at all.

There was a group of atheists in the 1960s and 1970s. They used to say “I do not believe in what my eyes do not see.”After the existence of television and radio waves and the information and images loaded on those waves being seen on television screens though they were not seen with the naked eye after the 1970s, we thought that there were no such ignorant people any more. However, we see that there are still ignorant people who consider themselves knowledgeable.

We have more knowledge of DNA compared to the past but that is still very little. There are so many structures, orders, and secrets in DNA structure waiting to be discovered. In the near future, most of this information will be understood and it will open new horizons for people.

Do not pay attention those people who regard the information in DNA as useless. Actually, they themselves are useless and unnecessary in this world. If you had asked the people with this mentality about the role of DNA twenty years ago, you would have got the same answer. That is, they would have regarded many fields as unnecessary. However, such information was obtained about DNA in the last 20 years that the identification of criminals, the diagnosis of the mother and father of the child, the identification and detection of some genetic diseases, test tube babies, cloning, the elimination of incompatibilities in tissue and organ transplants, some genetic and improvement studies in the kingdoms of plants and animals became possible thanks to understanding the DNA structure a bit better.

All developed countries of the world spend an incredible amount of money to go to the moon, Venus, other planets and stars. Thousands of projects are done all over the world in order to understand the structure of DNA, and countless amount of money is spent for it.

Those idiots say, “There is nothing in space, DNA is useless and has an empty and unnecessary structure; it is not worth researching.”They want to say with this claim that Allah does not exist. They are not sincere in these irreligious claims either because an irreligious person does not want to be ridiculed by referring to such nonsense. Their purpose is not an innocent intention to believe in Allah by reaching the evidence that proves the existence of Allah.

They are not only irreligious, ignorant people, but also traitors. One cannot be such an enemy of science and technology in order to deny Allah. It is understood that their aim is to confuse the minds of young people, to prevent them from studying and making new discoveries by doing research. They are called the fifth column forces. Their duty is to direct the youth of a nation to debauchery and entertainment, to make them doubtful and hopeless about the existence of the future and the hereafter, and to exploit them like African countries by making them irreligious under the name of so-called science.

Ask the person who claims that everything is pointless and unnecessary the following questions:

Is his heart, or its working all the time unnecessary? Are blood vessels unnecessary? Does he not need lungs? Are his kidneys unnecessary? Was his tongue created as something extra? Is the liver, which is known to have more than 300 functions, useless and unnecessary? Do his hands and feet have no duty? Are his eyes unnecessary? There are so many people who need these organs; why does he not donate these organs, which he consider sun necessary and useless, to others?

A person cannot be so ignorant. It can only be some nonsense and delusion in the name of the fifth column.

Everything in the universe, from atoms to galaxies, is in an extremely precise order, measure and system. Do not look at those who claim the opposite, but the beings in the universe. They will show you Allah, who created them like that and who has infinite knowledge, will and power, with their structures having order, system and measure.

21-) Question 3: Do cloned beings not have spirits?

Some people say that the DNA of Dolly, the first cloned sheep, is the same as the DNA of her mother, that they act similarly and hence they have a single spirit. How true is it?

Answer: Animals and human beings among living beings have spirits. The most mature spirit is in humans and it has consciousness. Badiuzzaman Said Nursi defines spirit as follows:

“Spirit, which has been clothed in a living, conscious, luminous external existence, is a comprehensive and veracious commanding law disposed to acquiring universality”.¹

“Consider the laws that govern in species, which to a degree resemble the spirit, and since they both issue from the World of the Divine Command and Will, with regard to their source, are to a degree appropriate for the spirit, and only lack a perceptible existence. Study them and it will be seen that if those commanding laws were clothed in external existence, each of them would become the spirit of the species. And the laws are always permanent; they are always perpetual and constant. No change or transformation affects the laws’ unity, or spoils them. For example, should a fig-tree die and be dispersed, the law of its formation, which is like its spirit, will continue in its tiny seeds; it will not die.

And so, since even the most commonplace and weak commanding laws are thus connected to permanence and continuance, the human spirit must be connected not only with permanence and immortality, but with all eternity. For according to the Qur’an’s glorious decree of: ^“Say: The Spirit (comes) by command of my Sustainer”²spirit too is a conscious and living law which has come from the World of the Divine Command, and which Pre-Eternal power has clothed with external existence”.³

“It has been established through certain conjecture, indeed, through observation, that the body subsists though the spirit; in which case, the spirit does not subsist through the body. Rather, since the spirit subsists and is dominant of itself, the body may be dispersed and gathered together again as it wishes; it will not infringe the spirit’s independence.

In fact, the body is the spirit’s house, it is its home; it is not its clothes. What clothes the spirit is a subtle, fine sheath, something which may be likened to a body, which is to some extent constant, and is ethereal and appropriate for the spirit. At the time of death, then, the spirit is not completely naked, it leaves its home dressed in its body-like sheath”.⁴

It means spirit is a commanding law that has life and consciousness and that has a luminous external existence. Attention is attracted to the fact that when some commanding laws like spirit coming from the realm of command and will were clothed in external existence, they would resemble a kind of spirit or they would be like those laws if their external existence were removed. They are commands like the law of gravity, the law of growth and the laws of development and differentiation, which function in the realm. Instead of spirit, those laws are dominant in plant life.

The body is like the home of the spirit. Therefore, the spirit is not attached to the body. It can leave that home at any time. However, the body stands with the spirit. When the spirit leaves, the body is scattered. The spirit that leaves the body does not become naked; it wears a luminous sheath suitable for the body.

Let us go back to the question above after this explanation; the spirit of each living being is separate and unique. Identical twins sometimes act similarly related to some issues. However, each one’s spirit is separate. It is an expression of ignorance to say that the lamb coming from the sheep has the same spirit as the sheep.

The only biological difference between a normal lamb and a cloned lamb is that instead of chromosomes from the father, there are chromosomes coming from the father in the mother’s cell. Besides, even if the whole genetic structure is exactly the same between two living beings, their spirits are separate. The spirits of two living beings can never be the same. It is nonsense to accept the spirits of two different living beings as the same. It has nothing to do with science and logical thought.

1.Nursi, B. S. Sözler. Türkiye DiyanetVakfı Yayınları-600. Ankara, 3rd impression, p. 643.
2.al-Isra, 85.
3.Nursi, B. S. Sözler. p. 644.
4.Nursi, B. S. Sözler. p. 642.

22-) Question 73: According to the theory of evolution, the useful ones among random mutations were passed down from generation to generation, and living beings of today came into being.

Answer: Nothing in the universe is accidental or random because all beings are planned and programmed perfectly, the conditions necessary for each living being to live were prepared and the creatures were sent to the earth after that. The universe is not unattended and a product of coincidence as those who deny a creator claim. It is not the work of nature, which is blind and unconscious, at all either. It is the work of Allah, who has infinite knowledge, will and power.

You say, “The useful ones among random mutations were passed down from generation to generation, and living beings of today came into being.” Is there a single example about it? Where, when, and from what living being did another living being emerge with random mutations? Your excuse is ready. You will say,“it took place in a long period time” and try to get away. How do you know that it took place in a long period time?

How do you present such a thing that is impossible to be proved scientifically and that is completely imaginary, as scientific knowledge? You also know that a mutation occurs one in a million. It occurs in the form of minor changes in living beings like the occurrence of sheep with shorter legs than normal sheep. In other words, no other being emerges from the sheep by mutation; a sheep with some minor changes emerges. If that change occurs in a way to change that living being, it does not become possible for it to survive. It will die while it is still in the embryo stage.

They exposed unicellular coli bacteria and the multicellular vinegar fly to radiation rays in space since the 1960s. In 50 years, scientists subjected them to mutations that could occur in millions of years under normal conditions, but no change took place in those living beings. This idea, which claims that living beings emerged from one another by chance, you defend belongs to 400 to 500 BC; it is no longer valid. It seems that you are unaware of it.

There is no need to go to the first creation of beings to understand the creation of beings. The same beings are now created again and out of nothing in the most perfect way, with all their varieties and differences. Allah, who has infinite knowledge, will and power, created your cell in your mother’s womb and produced eyes, ears, hands, feet, lungs and kidneys from that cell and put them in their proper places, adorned them with faculties and feelings like mind, imagination, memory, curiosity and anxiety; Healso created your father and your mother, their fathers and mothers, and the first human beings Hz. Adam and Hz. Hawwa.

Look! Now you are not the same as when you were born. You have grown up and developed. All of your internal and external organs also grew in the same proportion and symmetrically. Who do you think did all this? Is it possible for them to happen by chance? Even soup does not occur by chance. Who does the necessary actions in the human body, in which three thousand different events occur in a second and is made up of about 100 trillion cells, and operates all kinds of mechanisms in the most appropriate way? Since we cannot do these things in our own body, it is not the frog in the swamp or the sparrow flying in the air or the horse in the barn that does all the deeds in our bodies down to the last detail. Who gave them to you?

Look! Before the young living beings are born, their sustenance is prepared in the mother’s breast. It is valid for us as well as for the sheep. If you were to exclude Allah and attribute everything to blind and deaf nature and to chance as an expression of random deed as denialist biologists do, how the location and shape of your ears, the structure of the mouth and nose, the arrangement and length of the hands, the shape of the feet and head be? Is not there a being that saved you from being a freak?

Is it possible to explain by chance or coincidence that every organ of yours is in its proper place and shape and structure as it is now? If you were to make stairs of even two steps, you would first prepare the mold. Where are the molds of these organs, feet and hands, kidneys and lungs? Do you not think at all?

What is the source of the feelings and thoughts, imagination and memories, curiosity and anxiety that are not found in elements? Who gave them to you?

You say “Nature selectsor eliminates beings.” What you call nature is air, water, soil, the sun, sea, plants, animals and people, and other beings. Is that right? You see that they are also created. You are the most intelligent and conscious one in nature. Let alone creating out of nothing, you are unable to manage yourself. It is under your control until you put the morsel into your mouth. Do you have a say after swallowing that morsel? Each of the elements in that morsel is distributed to various parts of the body. Although you have intellect, consciousness and will, you cannot control your own body; can the sheep control its own body? Or, can the sun create and manage all these living beings? Or does the water in the sea or the eggplants on the land do activities in this living world?

Are these not what you call nature and some laws that they are subject to such as growth, development and differentiation? The law does not do an activity. The owner of infinite knowledge, will and power do the necessary actions with those laws. May Allah grant you and those who worship nature by thinking like you mercy, rational and reasonable thought!

Do the creatures you see in the world and think they survive because they are strong have an eternal life? Have you ever seen such a powerful being that lives eternally? As you know, every living being eventually leaves this world. Since you have not given their life, you cannot decide how long they will live. This scene of life, which you see as a merciless struggle, is like a perfectly functioning factory set up for the order of the universe. If those who came to the world had not left with death, there would not have been room for you in this scene of life and you would not have come to this world. When you see those events, which your mind cannot comprehend, say, what Ibrahim Haqqi said,

“Let us see what God will do,

Whatever He does, He does well”

Do not intervene and let others intervene in the deeds of God. That load is heavy; you cannot lift it and will be crushed by it.

You say, “There is a merciless struggle in nature.”What struggle did you undergo to become a human being? Did you make oxen, cows, horses, sheep, chickens and fish your servants after fighting them? What battle did you win to make clouds, the sun, rain, barley, wheat, beans, tomatoes, melons, watermelons, grapes, apples, cherries, the air and water your prisoners? You hardly managed to stand up one year after your birth. You learned what is harmful and what is useful in fifteen years. Since you, as the most intelligent, conscious and resolute creature of the earth, did not fight in a big battle against the universe, tell me who fought this great battle?

There is not a struggle, but a mutual aid system that works in a very nice way in the universe. Living and non-living beingshelp one another. Rain is sent from the sky to help plants and animals; the sun warms the soil, plants and animals from the sky; in addition, it takes part in the preparation, maturation and cooking of food, and air is presented as a source of life to plants, animals and people through breathing. Plants are sent to help animals, and animals and plants are sent to help humans as sustenance. About one hundred trillion cells in human beings are always in contact with one another and help one another. Do you look through the opposite side of the binoculars since you perceive all this cooperation as a merciless struggle? Or has your realm of spirit become so dark since you see the day as night? May Allah grant you mercy!

You say, “There is no mercy in this process; there would be mercy if there was a creator.” Who feeds you and all your relatives and those you do not know with food beginning from the time of the mother’s womb? Who is the Merciful one who provides for you sustenance from chicken to sheep, from fish to bee, from apples to walnuts and pomegranates and gives you a stomach suitable for that sustenance and a good appetite? Who is the one that loves you very much and does not want to hurt you, does not make you even feel the shaking of the earth, which rotates with a speed of 108 thousand kilometers per hour, so as not to disturb you while sleeping due to His love and compassion, does not make its sound heard, puts the air you breathe under your command and keep sits mixture at a certain amount, makes day and night turn around you? Who is the one that created the sun, which cooks all your food and warms you, and made it your servant because He does not want you to be disturbed? Does the fact that all these blessings and thousands of more that we cannot count have been given to you not show Allah’s mercy, love, affection, kindness, mercy for you? Does the fact that all these blessings have been given to you show His hostility and mercilessness to you? Why are you so ungrateful? You thank someone who offers you a tea, but you do not thank the being that gives you all these blessings; are they not worth as much as tea since you accuse him of mercilessness?

Shall I keep listing? Look! He created you out of nothing; He did not create you as a tree or a stone but as a human being. He gave you all kinds of feelings and emotions, your mind and imagination fully. What else do you want? He nourishes not only you, but all beings in the universe with such mercy, compassion, grace, love and affection, makes you and them live, and when the time is due, He sends you and them from this world to recreate in the eternal world.

Look! He wants to give you more. He promises an eternal realm, the hereafter. He gives Paradise as good news. However, He states that He will test you so that you will deserve it and that He will test you through some misfortunes, sickness, richness and poverty; He gives you the good news that an eternal Paradise will be given to you if you fulfil His orders. He states that this world is temporary, that every being will stay here for a certain time and they will be removed from this world based on certain reasons.

It is He who creates all living beings and gives life to them; and it is He who removes them from this world. Property belongs to Him. He uses His property as He wishes. Why do you intervene in His actions and deeds in the universe with your knowledge that is not even a drop compared to His knowledge, which is like the sea? Was your mind appointed as the engineer of the universe since you want everything to be arranged according to your inadequate mind and idea? What do you think you are in the universe? Would the sun not rise if you had not been created? Would the wind not blow? Would the spring season not come? If you had not been created, you would not have lived in this world. That is all. Everyone should know their limits; they should not object to the events of the universe that they do not understand; they should not dare to speak in the name of science. Otherwise, if Allah’s hatred and fury are attracted by such quackery and overstepping limits, by strong language that target His existence, deeds and divinity, one can lose the eternal life of Paradise and go to the eternal life of Hell. Any sane person should tremble at the thought of such a bad ending.

23-) Question 58: English physicist Stephen Hawking says, “Modern physics leaves no place for God in the creation of the universe.”Is there really no place for God in the universe?

Answer: According to the God in the world of Hawking, it is quite normal that God has no place in the formation of the universe because his God does not have enough power to manage and control the universe.

In parallel with the triple deity of the teachings of Christianity, each one of the European scientists has an understanding of deity that they accept according to their own worlds and they draw the limits and authority of the deity. According to some of them, this God or these Gods want to interfere with unwanted or painful and agonizing natural events, but they are not powerful enough to do it. According to some others, God prepared and arranged the events in the universe like a clock and then retired. According to the opinions of some philosophers, the things that are good and nice for us are under the control of God. Unwanted events and things that are bad for us are not the work of God, but of nature and chance.

In short, it is not exaggeration to say that there are as many understandings of deity in the Western World as there are thinkers. It is not possible for them to reach the truth due to such complicated information pollution about deity. Unfortunately, they are also deprived of the understanding of deity of Islam as they approach Islam with a prejudice. Therefore, the understanding of deity of Hawking and philosophers of science like him is not healthy. They are deprived of knowing the concept of Allah Almighty of Islam. Allah states in many verses in the Quran that they will not be able to find the truth unless they approach Islam sincerely in order to understand its concept of Allah.

As a matter of fact, a few verses from the chapter of al-Baqara are as follows:

Allah will throw back their mockery on them, and give them rope in their trespasses; so they will wander like blind ones (To and fro). These are they who have bartered Guidance for error: But their traffic is profitless, and they have lost true direction. Their similitude is that of a man who kindled a fire; when it lighted all around him, Allah took away their light and left them in utter darkness. So they could not see. Deaf, dumb, and blind, they will not return (to the path).¹

As to those who reject Faith, it is the same to them whether thou warn them or do not warn them; they will not believe. Allah hath set a seal on their hearts and on their hearing, and on their eyes is a veil; great is the penalty they (incur).²

In the understanding of deity of Islam, Allah has infinite power, will and might. All activities and actions in the universe are under His control all the time. No deed and no action can occur without His permission and will. He man ages everything personally. No deed is hard for Him.

The sun is in relationship with all plants on earth with its seven colors, heat and light. If we assumed that the sun had life and its seven colors were its attributes such as seeing, hearing, and speaking, it could speak to all plants at once and hear the sound of all of them. One would not prevent the other.

Since the sun, which is a being created by Allah, has this ability, it is definitely easy for Allah Almighty, who has infinite power and might, to manage all creatures just like managing an atom, and to see and hear them just like hearing an atom.

Since Hawking is deprived of such an understanding of deity, he cannot attribute the management of the universe to Allah. If he had a true understanding of Allah, he would also confirm that everything from atoms to galaxies occur with the knowledge, will and power of Allah. He would also accept that it is Allah who enables three thousand different reactions in a second in each of the one hundred trillion cells in his body.

Having too much knowledge in the field of science and philosophy does not necessarily make a person know Allah. It is possible to know Allah as it is necessary to know him only through the light of belief. It is not possible for those who are deprived of this light, or those who cannot get enough of it, to know Allah. The main condition for the slave to have the light of belief is to use his will in this way. That is also not enough. It is necessary for Allah Almighty to bestow on him the light of belief. This bestowal depends on His grace.

May Allah Almighty not deprive us of this light of belief! Amin.

1.al-Baqara, verses 15-18.
2.al-Baqara, verses 6-7.

24-) Question 34: Gannets lay two eggs. One of the eggs develops; the young gannet that comes out of the second egg is killed by the older one. Is it not mercilessness?

Answer: Everything is in the proper place in the universe. There is a complete balance, system and order in the creation and death of beings. Allah’s mercy and grace are observed obviously in the creation of beings and in the continuation of their lives.

The mercilessness and disorder that are put forward and claimed to exist in the universe are in the minds and hearts of evolutionists who do not actually accept a creator. In this realm, there is no randomness and mercilessness as they perceive.

Gannets (sulabassana) live in rocky areas on the cliffs facing the ocean in large colonies. Although they are seen in almost all seas, they mostly live on the North Atlantic coast. Thousands of them live together on small ocean islands. Allah created these beings with traits that enable them to spend most of their time in the seas and to breed in colonies on the coast or on the islands. They dive into the sea at a speed of 100 meters per second from a height of thirty meters. The airbags at the edge of the wings of these animals, which hit the water almost like a bullet, prevent their bodies from being damaged during this impact.

Their breeding areas are the North and South Atlantic. The existence of about 20,000 gannets on the Bass rocks in Scotland and 100,000 gannets on the island of St Kilda are reported. In a colony consisting of 200 thousand pairs, a gannet can recognize its spouse, to which it is loyal throughout life, thanks to its voice.

Gannets are about 80 cm tall and 1.5 kg in weight; they are large seabirds with a wingspan reaching 2 meters. The gannets living in the northern hemisphere lay one egg while those in the southern hemisphere lay two eggs. If that single egg is somehow wasted, they immediately lay an egg again. The young bird, which hatches after an average of 44 days, feeds itself by putting its beak into the mouth of its parents down to the throat. 80% of every 500 eggs hatch.

In those who lay two eggs, the first young bird hatches about five days before the other one. When the younger one hatches, the older one kills it if it is alive. However, if the older one dies before the younger one hatches, the younger one will replace it. In blue-footed gannets (boobies), the older one does not kill the younger one, but it grabs the food that the parents bring. If the older one does not die, or if there is not enough food for both, the younger one can die of hunger in a year.

That is the reality about gannets. The biologist Richard Dawkins, who is now an atheist evolutionist, cannot accept the death of this second young bird in his conscience and states the following for the sake of ideological propaganda: “Why does this mercilessness take place if there is a creator? Creationists should explain it.”

If you ask whether there is a need for an ecological balance and order in the universe, they will mention the necessity of such a balance and order in detail. So, how will that balance and order be achieved? If every egg hatches, or if every young bird that hatches becomes an adult gannet, will these animals, which breed geometrically, not disturb the balance of nature? There are at least a few million gannets in the world. These large birds feed on small fish. One gannet eats at least twenty fish a day. This means that one million birds eat 20 million fish a day. It is clear that this number would increase geometrically if the second young bird survived. Those who cannot accept the death of a baby bird must also explain such developments that will threaten the life of all living things. Will they lament for all eggs that do not hatch and the young birds that cannot survive?

These atheist evolutionists, who try to prove that there is no God, consider themselves engineers appointed to arrange the world. They think if everything happens according to their minds and ideas, there will be order and compassion in the universe. To poke their nose into everything like this and to object to creation, which they cannot comprehend, means to go too far.

If there is one aspect related to humans in the creation of a being, there are a thousand aspects related to its creator. The issue of environmental balance mentioned here is only one aspect of the issue. Another aspect is that this being becomes a mirror to the names of the Creator. Therefore, the length and shortness of the life of this being is not considered. It is enough for it to live for a moment instead of not living at all. This short life makes that being attain eternal life in the hereafter.

One of the issues that atheists cannot understand and comprehend is life in the hereafter. According to them, life consists of only about this worldly life. When this life is over, everything ends and disappears. According to creationists, the worldly life is very short and temporary. What is essential is life in the hereafter. The beings that live in the world even for a second will enjoy the eternal life in the hereafter. Therefore, there is no need to lament that they do not live long enough in this short worldly life. The short life of some living being smakes room for other living beings in the world and allow them to meet life, and perhaps to live for a few years longer. From this point of view, the death of those young birds without being exposed to some nutritional difficulties and tough living conditions is not mercilessness but perhaps a great favor and mercy both for them and other living things, opening the way to eternal life for more living beings.

The long life of a small number of gannets for keeping the existing environmental balance is mercy, grace and grant of Allah for the short worldly life of a large number of gannets, which guarantees eternal life in the hereafter for them. He who changes the short worldly life with eternal life will not lose and be deceived; this short worldly life is great mercy for him.

Evolutionist atheists are deprived of such an eternal and joyful life in the hereafter. Since they do not believe in Allah and in the hereafter, life in the hereafter will be torment in torment and agony in agony for them. They interpret the manifestations of Allah’s mercy and grace on these existing living beings as torment and mercilessness since they see the reflections of their life in the hereafter in a way. What they see is correct, but their interpretation is wrong. The merciless and painful life they see is a reflection of their life in the hereafter.

Both life in the world and in the hereafter are mercy in mercy and grace in grace for the believers. To be a mirror to the names of Allah and to realize that one is His work is both a great blessing and happiness. Even if the atheists are not aware of it, the Quran declares that whatever is on earth and in the heavens mention and glorify Allah and prostrate before Him:

…Whatever is in the heavens and on earth, doth declare His Praises and Glory: and He is the Exalted in Might, the Wise. (al-Hashr, 24)

Seest thou not that to Allah bow down in worship all things that are in the heavens and on earth,- the sun, the moon, the stars; the hills, the trees, the animals; and a great number among mankind? (al-Hajj, 18)

That is, even though all beings including non-living beings prostrate before Allah, some people are deprived of it. They must be the atheists who do not know Allah and claim that He does not exist, that everything is random and work of coincidence and nature, and who try to make young people irreligious in the name of science.

25-) Question 51: How does a person’s hitting his head somewhere affect the spirit, which is a being independent of the body? This question made philosophers think a lot in the previous centuries.

Answer: First of all, it should be known that such questions are not new. Those questions and similar ones have been asked since before Christ, and philosophers who do not accept the existence of Allah either deny the existence of the spirit or regard it as a material being. However, heavenly religions and especially Islam brought satisfactory explanations about the spirit. The Muslim should act upon the view of Islam in the first place and should not follow wrong and atheistic philosophers.

The strangest thing is the lie that the spirit is material and that science has settled it. That is completely the view of atheist philosophers; it has nothing to do with scientific knowledge.

There is no life and spirit in the elements such as carbon, hydrogen and oxygen that form the living beings. However, each animal and human have their own spirits. “Psychiatry” or “Mental Science” now serves as a branch of science that is accepted and active all over the world, as well as a treatment and health center. Therefore, there is no hesitation about the existence of the spirit in the world of science. However, there are differences in understanding and recognizing its nature.

While some accept the spirit as a pile or accumulation of energy, Islam describes the spirit as a command of Allah and defines it as a luminous and conscious being with a body. For example, the law of gravity is also a command of Allah. If this law of gravity were conscious, and if it put on a body, it would be like the spirit. If the spirit takes off its consciousness and body, it would be a law like the law of gravity.

Each spirit is eternal. The death and separation of the bodies do not affect the spirit. The spirit remains eternal. In the resurrection in the hereafter, the spirit of each individual will come and settle in the body that is recreated.

The spirit is not a being made up of material elements such as carbon and oxygen; therefore, it will not disintegrate and decay. A light bulb disintegrates and decays over time as its fragments are material. However, can it be claimed that the electricity in it also decays? In fact, the spirit has gained a higher degree of luminosity than the electrical energy.

It is possible to liken the human spirit to a person sitting in the house. The house can be likened to the human body and the human inside the house to the spirit in the body. The changes made in the window and chimney or door of the house do not affect the existence of that person; similarly, the changes made in the teeth, head, feet or liver of a human being or animal do not affect the spirit in it just like the changes made in the window and door of the house.

However, the person inside the house sees outside through the window of the house. When you close the window, that person cannot see outside. In fact, it is not the window that sees the outside, but the person in the house. However, that person cannot see outside without a window. Similarly, it is not the eye that sees in man or animal, but the spirit in the body. What hears is the spirit, not the ear. What understands is not the brain, but the spirit.

Nevertheless, that spirit sees the outside through the eyes, which are like windows. When the eye is somehow deactivated, the spirit can no longer see the outside. Similarly, the spirit hears through the ear, understands and realizes through the brain. A malfunction to occur in these organs does not affect the spirit. However, the spirit will be unable to perform the task it performs through those organs.

In conclusion, there is a spiritpeculiar to each individual in both animals and humans. The death and disintegration of the body do not affect the spirit. Each spirit retires into the realm of spirit appropriate for it when the body to which it belongs dies. It returns to its body that is recreated in Resurrection. When the lung or kidney of a living being is transferred to another living being, the spirit is not transferred; even when the head is transferred, the spirit is not transferred to that living being. If the animal dies when its head is cut off, its spirit goes to the realm of the souls to which it belongs.

For more detailed information regarding the issue, please refer to Risale-i Nur Collection.

26-) Question 78: How can I answer evolutionists related to the beak structure of finches, which form the basis of Darwin’s theory and which are included in almost all books of evolutionists?

Answer: Since the time of Darwin, evolutionists have claimed that the present-day Galapagos finches evolved from a species that came from South America in the past. These birds are presented as an example of evolution through natural selection and as evidence of biological diversity.¹

In fact, Darwin did not mention finches very much in his book called “The Origin of Species”. The 20th century evolutionists made the finches famous.

Finches in the Galapagos Islands are divided into 14 species. Six of them are called “Ground Finches” as they feed on grass seeds on the ground and six of them are called “Tree Finches”. All of the tree finches except for one feed on insects. The striking point here is that each finch species has been created with a beak structure to enable them to meet their nutritional needs fully.

Grant et al. studied finches in the Galapagos Islands between 1970 and 1980. They determined the beak, wing and body measurements of the birds they caught with nets. After marking these birds with special tapes, they released the birds.

Galapagos Islands receive a lot of rainfall in certain periods, which are followed by dry periods. In the species that feed on grass seeds, the short-beaked individuals increase due to precipitation and hence abundance of weed seeds;

in the dry period, the short-beaked individuals decrease with the death of those that feed on grass seeds, and the number of long-beaked individuals feeding on other foods increases.

Grant and his team found that the finches that survived the drought had slightly larger bodies and slightly larger beaks than normal. They say that natural selection eliminated the finches that feed on only small seeds and they argue that the finches with large bills that could break open the shells of large and hard seeds survive.

They regarded 20 selections enough for the medium ground finch to turn into a large ground finch. If the drought was estimated to occur every ten years, this transformation was likely to occur in 200 years. At worst, this change could have happened in 2000 years^,2,3.

Grant et al. found out that seeds abundantly increased with the rainfall in 1982-1983 and hence the average beak size of ground finches returned to the pre-1977 drought size. This state surprised evolutionist researchers, who expected a steady increase in beak size.⁴

The data obtained related to the change of finch beaks show that there is no change based on evolution. The average beak size sometimes increases around a fixed value in rainy seasons, and decreases a little in dry seasons; so, the beak size fluctuates depending on the rainfall. Therefore, there is no clear change.

As a matter of fact, Peter Grant himself likens this situation to the pendulum of a wall clock and states the following:

The finch population, subjected to natural selection, is oscillating back and forth like the pendulum of a wall clock.⁵

Danny Faulkner, a professor of Astronomy and Physics at South Carolina University, states that the finch beaks’ fluctuations cannot represent evidence of evolution:

And so if you have supposed microevolution one direction and then later it reverts right back to where it started from, that’s not evolution, it can’t be.6

The biologist Dr. Jonathan Wells of California University points out that the U.S. National Academy of Sciences deceived people with the statements in a booklet they published:

In a 1999 booklet defending evolution, the U.S. National Academy of Sciences called Darwin’s finches “a particularly compelling example” of the origin of species. The booklet cites the Grants’ work, and explains how “a single year of drought on the islands can drive evolutionary changes in the finches:“If droughts occur about once every 10 years on the islands, a new species of finch might arise in only about 200 years.” That is all. It does not mention that the selection reversed after the drought and that no change occurred based on evolution in the long run. Thus, the booklet hides a very important part of the evidence and displays an ideological attitude, not a scientific one, by deceiving people.⁷

It is completely an ideological effort, not a scientific one, that evolutionist researchers attribute the fluctuation in the finch beaks to evolution.

Some researchers state that the diversity of finch species is not as it is suggested. Various genetic studies on finches have shown that there is no genetic difference among these birds.⁸

Similarly, researchers from the Max Planck Institute and Princeton University stated in 1999that the classification of Galapagos finches at the molecular level cannot be made and they all have similar molecular structures.⁹

The Encyclopedia of Life Sciences mentions the same issue as follows:

There is no evidence that there is a definite genetic barrier among Darwin’s finch species ¹⁰.

In conclusion, Galapagos finches are actually subspecies of a single species. What Darwin and his supporters saw in the Galapagos Islands and put forward as “evolution” was actually structures that formed as a result of variation or combination. It is not possible for a new species to emerge with such variations.

Evolutionist biologists call the selection of variations belonging to a species by natural selection “microevolution.” Variations do not constitute evidence for evolution because variation is the emergence of existing genetic information with different matches. Variation does not give a new feature to genetic information.

If Galapagos finches mate with different matchings for thousands of years or were exposed to different climatic environments, only new variations will emerge; they will still remain as finches.

To put it briefly, the story of Galapagos finches is not a scientific result, but an ideological way of thinking based on atheism, presented under the guise of science.

1.Timothy A. Mousseau, Alexander E. Olvido, Geographical Variation, Encyclopedia of Life Sciences, 2000, g.els.net.
2.Peter R. Grant, “Natural Selection and Darwin’s Finches”, Scientific American, October 1991, p. 82-87.
3.Peter R. Grant, B. Rosemary Grant, “Speciation and Hybridization in Island Birds”, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 351, 1996, p. 765-772; Peter R. Grant, B. Rosemary Grant, “Speciation and Hybridization of Birds on Islands”, p. 142-162 in Peter R. Grant (editor), Evolution on Islands, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1998.
4.Peter R. Grant, B. Rosemary Grant, “Speciation and Hybridization in Island Birds”, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 351, 1996, p. 765-772; Peter R. Grant, B. Rosemary Grant, “Speciation and Hybridization of Birds on Islands”, p. 142-162 in Peter R. Grant (editor), Evolution on Islands, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1998.
5.Peter R. Grant, “Natural Selection and Darwin’s Finches”, Scientific American, October 1991, p. 82-87.
6.Gailon Totheroh, “Evolution Outdated”, 2001, http://www.discovery.org/viewDB/index.php3?program=CRSCstories&command=view&id=596.
7.Gailon Totheroh, “Evolution Outdated”, 2001, http://www.discovery.org/viewDB/index.php3?program=CRSCstories&command=view&id=596.
8.James L. Patton, “Genetical processes in the Galapagos”, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, vol. 21, 1984, p. 91-111; Nancy Jo, “Karyotypic Analysis of Darwin’s Finches”, p. 201-217; R.I Bowman, M. Berson, A.E. Leviton (Editors), Patterns of Evolution in Galapagos Organisms, CA: Pacific Division, AAAS, San Francisco, 1983.
9.A. Sato, C. O’Huigin, F. Figueroa, S.R. Grant, B.R. Grant, H. Tichy, J. Klein, ”Phylogeny of Darwin’s finches as revealed by mt DNA sequences”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 96, Issue 9, 27 Nisan 1999, p. 5101-5106.
10.Michaela Hau, Martin Wikelski, “Darwin’s Finches”, Encyclopedia of Life Sciences, 2000, www.els.net.

27-) Question 9: Is it true that the genetic similarity between man and ape is 98%?

Answer: It is claimed by evolutionists that the genetic similarity between man and apes is 98%; thus, they try to establish a connection between apes and man in terms of evolution based on it. That claim has no scientific basis. The claim that the genes of man and apes are 98% similar was made up by evolutionists many years ago and has been used as a slogan since then. The similarity in the amino acid sequences of some 30-40 basic proteins present in man and the chimpanzee is put forward as evidence for that claim.

There are about 100 thousand proteins in man. That 40 of them are similar does not prove that man and apes are 98% similar. Such an approach is not scientific; its aim is to make propaganda. Besides, the DNA similarity of those 40 proteins is also controversial. This study was made in 1987 by two biologists named Sibley and Ahlquist and published in the periodical named Journal of Molecular Evolution.¹

However, Sarich, who examined those data, stated that the method they used was not very much reliable and that the data had been exaggeratedly interpreted.²

Even if the similarity is 98% as it is claimed, an evolutionary connection between them cannot be established because species has particular genetic codes. Basic proteins are common vital molecules present in all living beings. Therefore, there are many similarities among living beings in terms of those structures because all living beings consist of the same molecules. Therefore, it is quite normal that the basics of the genetic structures are similar. The similarity of the basic structures in living beings does not indicate that they came into existence coincidentally from one another but that their master is the same and that they were created based on the same plan by Allah. As a matter of fact, there is a 75 % similarity between the DNAs of nematode worms and man.³

Will you accept that humans and worms are relatives acting upon the75% similarity between them?

Even if the difference of genetic structure between two species of living things is 1%, that difference means those two species have completely different features. Another important issue to be taken into consideration here is the fact that a gene in the bodies of living beings affects more than one feature. In other words, one feature is controlled by more than one gene⁴.

Apes are not the only animals that resemble man. Apes resemble man more than other living beings in terms of anatomic structure, horses in terms of intelligence, parrots in terms of talking, bees in terms of art, ants in terms of social life, and penguins in terms of compassion they show to their youngs. Besides, what differentiates man from other living beings is not the anatomic structure or a few features only. The most remarkable features of man are his ability to reason, to think, to have conscience, to judge, his imagination, memory, love, speech, thought and belief.

The similarity between chimpanzee, which is accepted to be the most similar to man at molecular level, and man was tried to be shown at Riken Institute in Japan in 2004. They deciphered and compared the 21st chromosome in man and its equivalent the 22nd chromosome in chimpanzee.⁴

The previous comparisons between chimpanzees and humans were generally based the comparison of proteins. Complete differences were observed in 68,000 places of DNAs of those chromosomes. Some of them were more in humans than chimpanzees and some were fewer. Some molecules of chimpanzees like proteins can resemble those of humans98.5 percent but differences in68.000 places in only one chromosome is the really important problem.⁵

For instance, three of those places are FOXP2, NCAM2 and GRIK1 regions. It has been determined that those genes were active in the structures relate to the nervous system. They are extra in humans and deficient in apes.

Related to the similarity between humans and chimpanzees, many researchers have mentioned rates such as ‘1.5% difference’ considering only the different sections. However, apart from those different parts, there are also parts that are not found in chimpanzees but exist in humans or that are not found in humans butexist in chimpanzees, which may be even more important in terms of differences between species.

What matters in the difference between humans and chimpanzees is not the percentages, but what these percentages correspond to. Although there are about 35 million differences between humans and chimpanzees, there are 45 million things that humans have and chimpanzees lack as well as 45 million things that chimpanzees have and humans lack.⁶

The sum of them exceeds 120 million, which is a huge difference. It is an undefendable claim in terms of calculus of probabilities to say that those differences occurred in such a very sensitive molecule as DNA, ‘by chance’ in 6 million years and that the characteristics that occurred in individuals turned into the characteristics of the species without disappearing in the gene pool.

Calculus of probabilities show that all matter and all time of all space are insufficient to explain the emergence of a single protein.

Let us consider the claim that human beings formed from chimpanzees in 6 million years: If we calculate that 20 years correspond to a generation, it makes 300,000 generations. In other words, more than 120 million differences between humans and chimpanzees must occur in a sensitive molecule such as DNA with very few changes like one in 300,000. If we compare it to the fact that all space-time and all matter are insufficient to explain the emergence of a single protein, we will understand how mathematically inconsistent the claim that the transition from chimpanzee to man occurs with ‘random mutations’is. Even a difference of 0.01% between humans and chimpanzees corresponds to more than a hundred proteins.

It is estimated that there are more than 3 billion nucleotides in human DNA. 0.01% of this corresponds to more than 300.000 nucleotides. Considering that every 1,000 nucleotides correspond to 1 protein code, even 0.01% of human DNA is so long as to correspond to more than 300 protein codes. Even if the molecular level difference between human and chimpanzee was only 1.5%as it is claimed, it would not be possible to say that the difference was overcome by a random transition.

Moreover, that the Riken Institute showed that 68,000 places were different in only one chromosome and that there were differences in more than 120 million places in total led the ones who claimed the coincidental transition from chimpanzee to man completelyto a stalemate.

In conclusion, the basis of DNAs, where the genetic structure of each living group is encoded, is generally composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur and phosphorus atoms. That is, the basis of the genetic structure of living beings is the same. It is the same in plants, animals and humans. What makes living beings different is the information encoded inthat genetic structure.

It is just like a flash disk. You can encode a lot of different information to similarly-shaped flash disks or even the same flash disk. That the elements making up the flash disk are similar or the same in terms of structure does not indicate that the meaning that is encoded is the same, but that the master is the same.

The fact that the atoms making up the genetic structures of living beings are similar is not evidence that they are formed by chance, but that their creator is the same.

1.Sibley and Ahlquist, Journal of Molecular Evolution, no. 26, p. 100.
2.Sarich et al., Cladistics, 1989, no. 5, p. 3-32.
3.H., Karen. “The Greatest Apes”, New Scientist, 15 May 1999, p. 27.
4.H. Wantanabe et al., DNA Sequence and Comparative Analysis of Chimpanzee Chromosome 22, ‘Nature’ 429, (27 May 2004), p. 382-388.
5.H. Wantanabe et al., DNA Sequence and Comparative Analysis of Chimpanzee Chromosome 22, p. 383.
6.Tarjei S. Mikkelsen et al., Initial Sequence of The Chimpanzee Genome and Comparison with The Human Genome, ‘Nature’ 437, (1 September 2005), p. 69-87.

28-) Question 70: There are a lot of errors in the amino acids we have. Millions of fish eggs or sperm are produced but only one of them survives. The orbits of the planets are not constant.

Answer: Those who put forward these claims look at the universe and beings from the opposite side of the binoculars and see everything in reverse. Nothing in the universe is chaotic and random as they claim. Everything is appropriate and precise as they should be.

Every being in the universe, whether living or non-living, is created in the most perfect way and according to certain purposes. The universe is virtually full of beings, i.e. knowledge. The duty of man is to examine each of these beings one by one, down to the last detail, and to show their reasons for existence and the forms and functions of creation. However, those who are followers of a certain ideology, who cloud the issue and especially those who deny a creator, claim that some beings, which have not been examined yet and whose structure and the subtleties of creation have not yet been discovered and shown yet, have no duty and hence are unnecessary. What they do is charlatanism and gift of the gab. It has no scientific coherence and value.

Look at your own organs and feelings. Which one is the result of randomness? Is your nose not in place? Are your eyes not proportionate and in the place where they should be? What prevented one of your eyes from being on top of your head and the other on your back? What coincidence put those eyes on the face where they should be? Is the shape of your eyes not suitable? Did chance prevent one of your eyes from being like the eye of an ox and the other like the eye of a fly? What coincidence did not place your mouth on your back? What about your teeth? Why are they not in the palm of your hand, but in your mouth? Did the frog in the swamp put them in your mouth? Or did those who claim that everything is chaotic and random put them there? What about your tongue? It enables you to speak and enjoy the taste of so many kinds of food, along with chewing the morsels. Did the sun in the sky, or the ant in the ground prevent it from being like the tongue of a cow or not existing at all? Did the cloud in the air, or fish in the water give you life, spirit and the feelings and faculties that do not exist in elements, such as mind, emotions, imagination, memory, curiosity, anxiety, fear and affection? Or did thefledgling in the nest give them to you? Maybe the winds of coincidence that blow heavily gave them to you.

These structures are in their proper place and shape not only in you but everybody. Take a look around! You will see that all people are equipped with the same organs, structures and feelings. Look at the animal kingdom. Let us see if the eyes, mouths and ears of all sheep are in their proper places like yours? Who created and decorated in the most beautiful way all organs of cows, flies, rabbits, bears and birds, and placed them where they should be?

Do you think all these measured, ordered and neat structures are the work of chance? Besides, humans and animals are not the only beings that are like that. Look at the cherry trees. Can you find any disorder like the existence of walnuts, apples and pomegranate leaves on them? Now look at all people, animals and plants all over the world. In which one can you find traces of coincidence, confusion and chaos? However, if you look through the opposite side of the binoculars, you will see that everything is messy and chaotic.

If you show these facts, very neat, purposeful, and planned creations to those who want to deny a creator and to show the universe as a unattended and a work of coincidence, they will not give up their thoughts because they look at the universe through glasses of denial, that is, through the opposite side of the binoculars. Therefore, it is not possible for them to see and accept the truth. Do not listen to them. Even if you list and explain the reasons for and purposes of the abundance of fish eggs, they will put forward something elsewhose wisdom and duty are unknown because their purpose is to cause mischief and to confuse people. What is known as science all over the world is so little that maybe it is even only ten percent of what should be known.

Now look at their claims. They say that there are many mistakes in amino acids. Those who claim this are followers of positivist philosophy and a small number of atheists. They continue to claim that they took place by chance in a long period of time. Besides, they utter the first sentence in order to be able to say the second sentence.

Even soup does not occur by chance. Prepare and put all the ingredients of the soup in the kitchen and wait after that claiming that it will cook by chance over time. Will your lifespan be long enough to wait for it? At least you can easily say that it will not happen by chance. So how will these amino acids occur by chance? Is there any logical aspect of it to be taken seriously? The whole scientific community cannot finish counting the tasks and wise structures of amino acids, which are the basis of DNA.

If a fish does not lay a million eggs, you will not be able to eat fish; nor can other beings in the sea feed that on fish eggs and young fish can survive. Those who put forward such a claim show their ignorance, not their knowledge.

The fact that the orbits of the planets are not constant should increase our amazement but some people criticize it and attribute it to chance. Which one shows the skill of an administrator: one billion cars not going out on the roads and remaining in car parks or all of them going out but having no accidents? The latter will definitely show the knowledge and power of the administrator. It is stated that there are one billion galaxies in the universe and about three billion planets and stars in each galaxy. Those galaxies move in space at a speed close to the speed of light. Although the speed and movement of each one are different, none of them hits the other. All galaxies move regularly in a great system. We are on one of them. The earth rotates around the sun at a speed of 108 thousand km per hour and rotates around itself once every 24 hours. Despite this turn and speed, we are not even aware that it is moving. What can you tell a person who does not even see or want to see this wonder?

29-) Question 60: Is the Selfish Gene theory true? How can we refute the selfish gene theory, which evolutionists put forward because they could not explain the sacrifice in animals?

Answer: This theory has no sound aspects; how will you refute it? It is unfounded all over. They themselves confess that it is unfounded. This theory was put forward in 1976. That is to say, it is not a new view. It was put forward by Dawkins, an irreligious biologist more than forty years ago.

See how evolutionists, who do not accept a creator, describe the selfish gene theory:

“This theory claims that the basic unit of evolution is gene, not species as it is the case in the theory of Darwin. According to this theory, all living beings, including human beings, are robots produced and cloned by genes. “

That is how they describe their selfish gene theory. Note that they understood the invalidity of the species-centered Darwin theory, which they had been defending for 150 years; thus, they suggested this selfish gene theory. This is the confession of the invalidity of Darwin’s theory by themselves.

According to this theory, which they put forward, all living beings are robots controlled by genes. This definitely includes human beings too.

So, what is the basis of genes? The basis of genes is carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen atoms.

-Do these atoms have consciousness?

-No.

-Do they have intellect?

-No.

- Do they have knowledge?

-No.

- Do they have life?

-No.

- Do they have thought or reasoning?

-No. In fact, all the work that is done is the work of knowledge, will and power

The one who does not see the hand that writes the article thinks that the pen wrote it. Since they cannot see Allah’s hand of power, they attribute the biological events that occur not to that hand of power, but to causes like pens.

This theory did not find supporters when it was put forward and afterwards; it is on dusty shelves now. Why did it not find supporters? Because Darwinian evolutionists argued that the genetic structure of living beings changed over time, resulting in other living beings. However, this theory states that genes are selfish, never change and maintain their structure firmly. Therefore, it did not become popular among evolutionists.

However, now they present it as science by adding some sophistry and as if it is something new. They do so not because it is a fact but because they want to drive young people away from a creative thought and make them unbelievers.

30-) Question 18: Did the dust from which Hz. Adam was created have all elements?

Answer: The dust from which Hz. Adam was created does not have to have all elements. As a matter of fact, the life given to him and the air he breathed came to him from air and other realms, not from dust.

Just as there are 26 letters in the English alphabet, there are about 114 elements in the universe. In other words, the beings in the world are written by those elements in the book of the universe by Allah.

Some of them are found in soil, some in water and some in air. The place of a large part of these elements is not fixed. They are always in circulation. For example, the nitrogen element in the air passes to the soil with rain or lightning, and from there to plants; when the plants are eaten by animals or humans, it is taken into the body of animals or humans. It goes back to the ground or into the air with the substances thrown out of the human body. The same thing is valid for the carbon element. The plant takes the carbon atom from the soil and from the air through breathing because there is a certain amount of carbon dioxide in the air breathed in by the plant. The carbon elements entering the plant from the soil and air are used in the formation of leaves and fruits. The carbon elements taken into the body of the animals and humans who eat these leaves or fruits return to the air and soil after they complete their duties, and get in line to be used in the bodies of the living beings again.

It is a great claim to say that there was no carbon in the soil in which Adam was created because it is not possible to know the conditions of the first earth with all its features. Suppose that there was no carbon atom in the soil from which the first man was created or some of the elements used in the structure of Hz. Adam did not exist in the soil. Is it not possible for Allah to have taken the elements that did not exist in the soil from the places where they were located and to have used them? Is it not Allah who created all elements and the universe out of nothing? The statement that Hz. Adam was created from soil can also be understood as most of his elements being taken from soil.

When you construct a building, you use iron and cement obtained from soil. However, you get electricity and water from outside. When Allah created man, He used the elements in the soil along with the elements in the air and water outside the soil.

Man does not consist of a heap of elements either. Life, which constitutes the spiritual realm of man, none of the faculties and feelings such as mind, imagination, memory, curiosity, anxiety, fear, affection, love, compassion and fury that are connected to life exist in the 114 elements; they come to man from outside. By claiming the supposedly non-existence of some elements in the soil, they want to remove the creation of man from Allah and attribute it to chance and nature through sleight of hand, demagogy and generalization.

You cannot explain the elements in the human body by chance and nature; nor can you explain the feelings, emotions and thoughts of man related to his spiritual realm with nature and chance. You will have to accept a creator with infinite knowledge, will and power in the creation of the first man Hz. Adam and his offspring.

31-) Question 75: An American science journal states that there are many transitional forms and that Tiktaalik roseae is only one of them. Is it true?

Answer: It is not true. Tiktaalik roseae is not a transitional form. It has nothing to do with reality and science. Tiktaalik roseae is a species belonging to the extinct tetrapods (four-limbed) that lived during the Devonian period, that is, approximately 330 million years ago.

Evolutionist scientists claim that it is a transitional form between fish and reptiles.

We have only the skull of Tiktaalik as a fossil. The eyes are on the skull, just like in crocodiles. The majority of scientists agree that it has the same structure as crocodiles and therefore this fossil belongs to a crocodile.

Evolutionist geologists and painters gave the skull of Tiktaalik a shape that resembles the appearance of a being that is half fish and half reptile by adding pieces of fish and reptile fossils found in the same layer as it, and filling the remaining parts with plaster. They claim this fraud of science to be a transitional form.

They present it to those who are not in the field of biology as if it is a fact; besides, they propagate that there are many transitional forms like that. What they do is not science, but an ideological study. Their goals and efforts aim to eliminate the creator and creation and to attribute everything to chance and nature.

Evolutionists carry out a great propaganda and campaign in the world in favor of evolution and against creation. Unfortunately, science is used as a tool for it to a great extent. Impartial scientists in America complain that not only science journals but also religious journals are in the hands of the supporters of evolution and that facts are reversed.

32-) Question 7: Is it scientific to mention the Quran and religion?

-Yes, it is scientific. Besides, science and religion complement each other in Islam because the subject of all sciences are the beings in the universe. The writer of the book of the universe is God Almighty. The whole universe is a work of His attribute of power.

The Quran is the work of Allah’s attribute of speech. Therefore, Islam is the leader and father of all sciences. The exclusion of a creator from the world of science is the product of positivist philosophy. The whole world of science has been under the influence of this materialistic philosophy for 200 years. This thought excludes a creator and attributes the formation of the universe and the beings in it to chance and forces of nature.

What is strange is that this atheistic philosophy is presented to the youth as if it is scientific knowledge.

In fact, exact sciences and religious sciences had not been separate in the Islamic world until the eleventh century; all sciences were studied in madrasahs.

The religion of Islam does not conflict with real science

The idea of “religion is separate from science”is the product of materialistic philosophy. The fight between science and religion, reason and revelation is not the fight of Islamic civilization because the subject of the sciences is the book of the universe, which is the work Allah’s attribute of power. The Quran comes from Allah’s attribute of speech. There can be no contradiction and conflict between them. On the contrary, the Quran is a kind of interpretation of the book of the universe. As it is understood from many verses and texts of hadiths, Islam gives great importance to science and scientists/scholars.

Recognizing and knowing Allah is possible only by examining His works in the universe. No matter how knowledgeable a person is in physics, he understands Allah better when he thinks that they are the work of Allah. That is called the science of knowing Allah, that is, Marifatullah.

Nobel Laureate Pakistani physicist, Prof. Dr. Muhammad Abdus Salam describes sciences as “the art of examining the works of Allah in the universe”.

Sciences examine the beings in the universe. Therefore, the subjects that sciences deal with show the existence and unity of their creator in their own language.

In today’s scientific community, in the presentation of the sciences obtained from the universe in general, the Creator is kept hidden and causes are presented as doers directly.

I would like to end the issue by narrating a memory of mine.

I gave a lecture called “Understanding Creation and the Creator Through the Language of Sciences”at a science high school in a city in Western Anatolia in May last year. A young person asked permission to speak in the Question-Answer part at the end of the lecture and said,“We have benefited a lot from what you have said about creation and the creator but it is notscientific to mention creation and the creator”.

Thereupon, I called him and he came next to me. I held his hand, showed him the garment on him and said,

-Is it scientific to talk about the texture and nature of this garment?

- Yes, it is scientific.

- Is it scientific to talk about the master of this garment and the art of its master?

- Yes, it is scientific.

- You probably bought this garment from somewhere. Is that so?

-Yes.

- Where did you buy this hand from?

-Allah gave it.

-Fine. Is it scientific to talk about the structure, blood vessels, flesh and bone of this hand?

- Yes, it is scientific.

- Well, is it scientific to talk about Allah, the master of this hand and arm?

- Yes, it is scientific. Thereupon, a bigapplause came from the students and teachers in the hall. I continued as follows:

-Man is created from a single cell in the mother’s womb. The single cell, is divided into two, then four, one after the other, and becomes a shapeless heap of cells. A head will come out of it. I held his head, turned to the audience and said,

-How many eyes are necessary for this head?

-Two.

-No. If you do not attribute this creation to Allah, you will have to accept chance and spontaneous formation. Since it is spontaneous and coincidental, is it not possible for it to be any number between one and infinite? For example, 3, 5 or more?

-It is possible.

-Let us suppose that it is two. Where shall we put the right eye?

-In its current place.

-No. Is it not possible for it to be in the hand, at the back or in the foot?

- It is possible. Then, we talked about the left eye, imagined placing it in various places in the body and put it in its current place. I showed the right eye and said,

-Can it be like the eye of needle, a cow or a fly?

-Yes, it can. After telling them that the places and shapes of all organs can be infinite, I said,

-Have you ever seen a man with his mouth at the back?

-No.

- Have you ever seen a sheep like that?

-No.

- Have you ever seen a cow like that?

-No.

- Have you ever seen a fly like that?

-No.

-Even if you do not say,“Allah”, all beings say, “Allahu akbar”with their own tongues. We left the hall with a big applause.

33-) Question 12: It is written that a horn came out of the forehead of a woman. Can it be an evidence for the evolution of man?

Answer: In fact, according to the thoughts of atheists who do not accept a creator, man came into being by chance. He has no creator. It is necessary to be surprised when a horn does not come out of the forehead of a person, not when it comes out. If everything were the result of randomness and coincidence as the atheist evolutionists claim, what would prevent a person’s eye from coming out of the forehead like a cow’s eye and an ear from his back like a donkey’s ear?

However, it does not happen so. Each organ is both in the desired shape and structure, and in the most suitable place; and the structures of all people are similar. All of this shows Allah, who makes man from a cell, plans his organs in the best way and places them in the most appropriate place, as clearly as the sun shows the day.

It is as important to place the eye and ear in the necessary place as to create and operate the brain and other organs, and emotions so that they can perform their functions. Creating the eye is a separate art. Creating vision is yet another skill.

It is not a scientific idea, but an ideological approach, not to see all of these and to attribute the ancestor of human beings to other living beings based on an organ that emerges as a result of some abnormalities. It is not worth considering.

34-) Question 13: It is claimed based on the research on the sex-determining chromosomes (XY in men and XX in women) that Y chromosome, which is the masculine chromosome, occurred as a result of the degradation of X chromosome.

Answer: Every human being has 46 chromosomes. 22 pairs of them are the same, and a pair includes the chromosomes that are shown as XY in males and XX in females and that contain sex characteristics. Of these, the X chromosome contains female gender characteristics, and the Y chromosome contains male gender characteristics.

It is necessary to go back to the creation of Hz. Adam and Hz. Hawwa (Eve) to show which one was first, or to show the accuracy of the claim that the Y chromosome occurred as a result of a change in the X chromosome. Since no one can reach the past to do it, what is put forward regarding the issue will not go beyond a claim.

The claim that the X chromosome changed and yielded the Y chromosome has no scientific basis. It is nothing but the interpretation and evaluation of some researchers and philosophers.

Those who search the history of man begin with the prejudice that human beings emerged from a lower being. First, a scenario suitable for it is prepared. Every value and material obtained after that are tried to be explained according to this scenario. Those who are not involved in the issue perceive these biased, deliberate and purposeful explanations as unchangeable scientific facts.

The claim about the X and Y chromosomesput forward above is not scientific information, but a philosophical view prepared in accordance with the scenario that man evolved from lowerbeings. They could not explain the reasons why certain regions of the Y chromosome acted differently in each individual.

However, if it is viewed as the creator’s work, the explanation will be quite easy. Allah creates every individual with a distinctive characteristic, from voice to fingertip, from eye structure to behavior. We see and know it scientifically. The same creator can create the Y chromosome in a way that differs according to individuals or races. Creation of it like that is also suitable for logic and scientific thought. We see so many differences even among the children of the same mother and father in terms of temperament, character, structure, and behavior. There is only one way to explain all those differences or similarities. It is to see them as the work of Allah, who has infinite knowledge, will and power. Then, you can do any research on human genetics and you can explainany result you get in compliance with both intellect and logic as well as science.

In scientific studies, the material is obtained as raw. Then,the researcher interprets this information according to his own belief, philosophy, thought and ideology. Atheists, who have a positivist philosophy, make interpretations based on the idea that living things evolved from one another, especially in issues related to the past, the creation of beings and human beings. They regard it as a prerequisite that a creator does not exist, that everything is the work of chance and nature. Can someone acting like that put forward a neutral view in scientific studies? Therefore, the claim of evolutionists that man emerged by evolving from other living beings is not based on any scientific evidence.

There is no need to go back to Hz. Adam in order to understand the creation of human beings and that they are the work of a creator. It is enough to look at the creation of man today. The creation of every human being starts in a single cell in the mother’s womb. The creation of the present man from a single cell is not easier than the creation of man in the past from a single cell.

Whoever creates man today also created man yesterday. Who develops and differentiates the single cell in the mother’s womb, makes lungs, kidneys, eyes, ears and veins from the same cell,puts all of them in appropriate placesand makes them work perfectly?

The fish in the sea, the lion in the forest? The frog in the swamp, the vole on the ground? The water in the tap, the soil in the ground? The sun in the sky, the cloud in the air? Or the mother who carries the baby in her womb?

Since we have all come through that way, who is the one that equips us in the dark world of the mother’s womb with the organs in a way to benefit from the bounties of the world in the best way, sends us to this world and renews our cells any moment?Who gives man the feelings like imagination, curiosity, anxiety, fear, love, affection, and enmity, and faculties like intelligence and memory, which do not exist in elements and cells and which are the most precious possessions of man?

If those questions cannot be answered correctly and accurately, the existence of the X chromosome, the Y chromosome, the DNA, the RNA, the cell and how they emerged cannot be expressed properly.

The person who asked this question probably believed in trueness of the claim put forward regarding the issue immediately since he hesitates about the opinion of the religion of Islam regarding the issue and states that it should be questioned.

It is not possible to understand the deed of a person who accepts the statement of a philosopher about the creation of man and who ignores 124 thousand prophets, 120 million saints and the realities expressed by the Quran. Should those who listen to the words of philosophers a hundred times not listen to the word of Allah once? What kind of a belief is it that makes a person hesitate about Islam based on the words of an atheist philosopher and start to question the trueness of Islam? Is it not necessary to question the opinion of that philosopher at first? Even this shows how deliberately and maliciously a person approaches the issue.

The best way is to learn the true Islam from its source and practice what one has learned. Otherwise, it is difficult for a belief that makes a person hesitate about Islam with a statement of any philosopher to lead man safely to salvation in the hereafter.

35-) Question 22: What is the purpose of the creation of man?

Answer: Allah expresses the purpose of the creation of man as worshipping:

I have only created Jinn and men that they may serve (worship) Me.¹

Thus, the purpose for the sending of man to this world and the wisdom implicit in it, consists of recognizing the Creator of all beings and believing in Him and worshipping Him. However, the whole purpose of life for materialist, atheist philosophers and evolutionists is the world life.

According to materialist evolutionists, the purpose of the creation of all living beings, and especially man, is only to serve their own souls. However, if the wisdom behind the creation of man related to himself is one, the wisdom related to the creator is ninety-nine.

A landlord has the right to design his house as he wishes. He makes some arrangements inside the house based on a number of reasons. It is normal for us not to know the reasons for the arrangements he makes in his house; similarly, Allah has a number of reasons and purposes related to the beings, especially human beings He created. We cannot fully know the reasons for the arrangements someone makes in his house; if we do not know all the reasons for the deeds of the being with infinite knowledge and power in the universe, it does not mean the universe is at large and ownerless.

1.adh-Dhariyat, verse 56.

36-) Question 4: What is the difference between a test tube baby and cloning a sheep?

Answer: This question consists of two parts: One is test tube baby and the other is cloning.

What is a test tube baby?

Under normal circumstances, it is necessary for the egg cell in the mother’s womb to unite with the sperm of the father and to form the zygote for the formation of a baby.

If the egg and the sperm cannot form the zygote after uniting under normal circumstances, the method of test tube baby is applied. In order to achieve this, the egg taken from the mother’s womb and the sperm from the father are united in a tube that has the same warmth and nutrition conditions of the mother’s womb. The sperm and egg in this tube unite and form the unicellular zygote. After a short time, this zygote is put inside the mother’s womb where the egg was taken from and a baby forms from this zygote after 9 months.

Thus, test tube baby is the way of uniting the sperm and egg cells that cannot unite under normal circumstances in a place other than the mother’s womb and enabling the zygote to be formed there and putting it back in the womb again in order to ensure the normal zygote development.

The role of man here is to eliminate negative conditions and to unite the sperm and egg and then to put it into the womb again. The creation of the sperm and egg cells and the formation of the zygote, the development and differentiation of it, the formation of organs and tissues, the coming of the spirit into the body are all beyond the will and control of man; they are the work of Allah’s knowledge, will and power.

What is cloning?

Cloning is a bit different from a test tube baby. It was first tried with a sheep. As it is known, the number of chromosomes of the sperm and egg cells in living beings, that is, in plants, animals and humans are reduced by half at a certain point. Thus, when the egg and sperm unite, the total chromosomes of them become the number of the chromosome of a normal cell. Chromosomes are made up of DNA’s, which are the basis of the genetic structure

The number of chromosomes in the normal cells of the sheep is 54; in the sperm and egg cells, it is 27. In cloning, the 27-celled egg cell in the womb of the sheep is removed. The 27-chromosome nucleus of this egg cell is replaced by the nucleus of the 54-chromosome normal cell of the sheep. From then on, this egg cell has 54 chromosomes before uniting with the sperm. This 54-chromosome cell that is called a zygote is placed in the sheep’s womb again; and it is left for the normal development. Since the egg cell has the ability to divide, it develops and differentiates as if it has been fertilized by a sperm; it yields the lamb in the normal time.

The role of the researcher here is only to remove the nucleus of the egg and replace it with the nucleus of a normal body cell and then to place this cell again in the sheep’s womb. The creation of the egg cell and the normal cells, the development and differentiation of the zygote, the formation of the organs and tissues, the arrival of the spirit in the body of the sheep are not under the control of man; they are the work of Allah’s knowledge, will and power.

In conclusion, every living being has a spirit peculiar to itself and it is created directly by Allah.

37-) Question 28: Are the disorders seen in the immune structure (defense system) of man, oxygen’s producing some harmful radicals in human body, harmful radiation of the sun reaching us, the emergence of some illnesses in man and

Answer: The world is viewed through two eyeglasses. One is the glasses of belief and the other is the glasses of denial.

A person who looks at the universe through the glasses of denial, that is, through the glasses of unbelief, which does not accept the existence of a Creator, sees everything in the universe as unattended, unplanned, ownerless and purposeless. He does not and cannot know why the beings were created and what their duties are just like a person who is left on a mountain in the darkness at night who mistakes whatever he sees for a snake or a monster and who does not understand what the duties of these beings are and what they are really like.

All of his aim and purpose is the world life. He does not know any other life than life in this world. Therefore, he wants to satisfy all of his feelings in this world. However, feelings in man are given according to the world of the hereafter. Each feeling of his is endless. It is not possible to satisfy those feelings in this world. For example, the desire to live eternally in human beings, the desire to own property and wealth are endless. Feelings like love and compassion are endless. We do not say, ‘I love so many people; there is no more room for the love of someone else in my heart. ’Even if we love all people, the capacity of this sense does not become full.

Even if a person who looks at the world through the glasses of unbelief sees so many creatures with meaning, wisdom and purpose, he cannot understand them. For such a person, the people in the past passed away and disappeared. The people in the future will also disappear and decay. Therefore, he sees himself between two graves and as a being that will decay and disappear soon. Such a person cannot receive any pleasure and taste from the world due to fear of death just like a person sentenced to death waiting to be executed.

A person who looks at the universe through the glasses of denial relies on his own mind and compares everything to his own self as if his mind was appointed as the engineer of the universe; he objects to the richness of the rich and the poverty of the poor. He opposes when he is not given the best opportunities and facilities.

In the Quran, the richness of Qarun (Croesus) is narrated, which will shed light on the issue. Qarun is so rich that he cannot carry the keys to his treasures on his own. The people around him look at his wealth and say, “We wish we had such wealth.” However, Qarun does not fulfill his responsibility of being rich and does not pay zakah, which is the right of the poor, and does not pay the wages of his workers fully. He claims that he has earned his wealth through his knowledge. When Allah buried him under the ground together with his wealth, the people who had wanted to be like him said, “Thanks Allah that He has not given us such wealth. We do not want to be in place of Qarun.”

A person who regards his mind as the engineer appointed to determine the shape of the universe and who feels enmity against Allah because he has not been given certain things should not overlook these stories narrated in the Quran. He should be happy, not sorry, because he has not been given the things whose responsibilities he will not be able to fulfill. For, Allah tells us that everybody will be accounted for every bounty that he has, even the water one drinks and the air he breathes in.

A person who looks at the universe through the glasses of belief sees this realm as a great guesthouse and palace decorated with roses and basils where all kinds of bounties and food are granted. He feels great gratitude toward his Creator, who transformed him from shape to shape beginning from the time he was in the uterus, who created him as a human being not as a stone, plant or animal, who equipped him with faculties like mind, imagination and memory and who presented all of the living and non-living beings in the universe to him.

When he looks at the past, he understands that the journey that started with his ancestors Hz. Adam and Hz. Hawwa (Eve) will end in Paradise, that he will be together with all of his beloved people and relatives there eternally and that he will be offered all kinds of bounties by his Creator endlessly. He understands that the world is not the main destination but that it is a waiting room and a test center on the way to the hereafter. He knows that the misfortunes like diseases and earthquakes are a necessity of testing and thanks by showing patience and thinking that the troubles and problems he suffers here will gain him rewards in the hereafter. When he is faced with events whose real meaning he cannot understand, he speaks like Ibrahim Haqqi who says,

God transforms evil to good

(That is, there is definitely something good behind everything that we see as bad or evil. Allah makes what seems evil good for us.)

Do not think He does something else

(That is, there is goodness and beauty in everything that Allah creates. What is created is nothing but goodness.)

The clever person watches it

(The clever person, that is, the person who has knowledge only watches it. He does not try to object to things whose reasons and meanings he does not understand.)

Let us see what God will do,

Whatever He does, He does well.

Do not say why is this so,

It is as it should be,

Show patience and watch the end,

Let us see what God will do,

Whatever He does, He does well. Even if his mind cannot comprehend, he knows that Allah does everything in the best way.

The task of the sciences is to unravel the issues whosecauses and secrets we do not know in the realm of beings. For example, the immune system, called the human defense system, is equipped against any foreign objects that may come from outside. It is the duty of science to determine what the features of this system are, in what cases the defense is weakened and becomes inoperable. Likewise, investigating a number of negativities caused by oxygen and sun rays is also the duty of science.

To show some organizations in the universe evidence for planlessness and randomness, and hence the absence of a creator just because it does not fit our understanding is what those who have nothing to do with science and ideological actors will do. What will be the duty of science in that case?

The expectation of a lifestyle without any problems that does not give any trouble to man and a life style like that of angels is not suitable for human creation and nature. A completely luminous lifestyle in which there is no evil and testing exists only for angels. Expecting such a lifestyle from man is not suitable for his wisdom and structure, feelings and emotions. Allah equipped man with good and bad traits and then tested him.

What man needs to do is to know the wish of Allah and what He wants from man, to obey Him and to surrender to Him fully. When man is born, Allah equips him with organs, tools and feelings that will enable him to benefit from this world in the best way. He creates the location, shape and task of each organ knowingly. He renews the cells of those organs any moment and meets their needs. It is Allah who makes us digest what we eat and allows us to throw out what we digest. Surrendering with peace to Allah, who knows us better than us and manages us, and listening to Him will turn the world into Paradise for us and will make us gain eternal Paradise in the hereafter.

A person makes Allah His enemy if he nurtures hostility and enmity against Him, does not recognize Him, regards what He gives, unnecessary, does not like His activities and administration in the universe, and claims that some beings are unnecessary. Allah wants a person who does not like His activities in the universe and nurtures hostility and enmity against Him to leave His property if he can. Otherwise, He shows his place as Hell. Those who underestimate it and make fun of His works and activities need to consider very well whom they oppose and whose activities they object to.

Even Satan does not object to the existence of Allah; those who regard their minds as engineers of the universe should not forget that when they deny Allah, they incur the hatred and insult of the entire universe, and that they infuriate the skies and the earth; they should know that they will be questioned by Allah one by one for what they do and they should act accordingly.

38-) Question 10: How would you explain the fact that apes act in a similar way to humans?

Answer: This question has a biological aspect and a wisdom aspect. When it is considered biologically, man’s aspect resembling to that of animals and his spiritual aspect are mentioned.

Man’s common aspect with all animals is eating, drinking and some carnal behaviors. Besides, man has similar structures with animals in terms of cells and elements. For example, the laws of biology, physics and chemistry that occur in cells and the deeds such as digestion of nutrients ingested, their use in the body of the living beings, respiration, excretion, growth, development, differentiation and reproduction are all similar. On the other hand, the basic structure of DNA, which is the basis of the genetic structure of all living beings including plants, consists of atoms of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, iron and sulfur.

The genetic structure of any living group is encoded in its DNA just like the information stored on a flash disk. It is the information that is encoded and stored in that DNA, rather than the similarity of the DNA structure, that is essential and that differentiates each group of living beings from others. What is important is the information encoded there, not the similar structure of the flash disk or using the same flash disk.

In this regard, it is not enough to make generalizations that there are some gene relationships among living beings, or that similar structures or behaviors are seen.

The similarities among living beings are evidence that they have the same creator, not that they emerge from one another.

Another aspect of man is his spiritual realm. Man is different from animals in terms of this aspect. He has emotions and thoughts such as curiosity, anxiety, imagination, memory, love, compassion, justice and enmity, which form his world of feelings. What makes man real and superior to animals are these feelings and thoughts. Man improves spiritually to the extent that those feelings develop, enhance, become prosperous and are enlightened; he can even surpass angels.

There are a lot of wise reasons behind man’s having common aspects with animals and plants, and some animals’ behaving like human beings, that is, the reason why they are created like this. Only the creator knows the real reasons. As far as we can understand, one of the many reasons for these similarities between living beings is an incentive for research and investigation, and since the world is a testing place for the hereafter, some events are linked to reasons as a requirement of the test.

In fact, instead of similarities one should wonder how so many differences are created. There are approximately seven billion people in the world and their faces are different from one another. Even the most skilled painters cannot draw seven billion different human faces on an A4 sheet of paper. Let us add the faces of the monkeys to them. The faces of all monkeys are different from both human faces and one another’s faces. Moreover, newly created faces are not the same as those created in the past; nor will they be the same as those to be created in the future. Only faces? Every parts of living beings are quite different from others. For example, the fingerprints of all people are different. Creating such differences will of course be possible with some similarities. Only atheist evolutionists can deny Allah by emphasizing similarities among living beings.

39-) Question 77: Barred mudskipper has become an evidence to which evolutionists refer frequently. They use funny phrases like the nightmare of creationists. What is the wisdom behind the creation of this living being like that?

Answer: Barred mudskipper (Periophthalmus argentilineatus) is a 10-15 cm long creature living in muddy swamps. It can live both on land and in water. They feed in aquariums. They have a very striking and exemplary way of life. For example, they lay their eggs in a cavity in water. They come out of the surface, take the air bubbles and leave them in the cavity next to the eggs to aerate them. The young ones hatch in 5 days. After about 50 days, they become mature enough to live both on land and in water.

No living being can be the nightmare of creationists nightmare whether it is called a mudskipper, a water skipper or a rock skipper. They can be a nightmare only for atheists, who deny Allah. There is no difference between creating an atom and creating the whole universe for Allah. The control of everything is in His hands. Three thousand different reactions take place per second in each of the hundred trillion cells in humans. If Allah leaves man alone for a second, his life will be turned upside down. Allah recreates man any moment with the elements that enter his body with food. Only humans? No. Every living being is recreated any moment with the ongoing activity and cell changes in all living things. Those who cannot see such merciful and wise deeds in the universe, in the kingdom of plants, in the kingdom of animals and in humans can definitely not see and understand the fine wisdoms in a mud bug through the eyes of matter. It is not possible for atheists to see this deed of Allah because their eyes are drowned in matter.

All living beings definitely have aspects that are similar to and different from one another. If there were no differences, there would be only one type of living being on earth. When you make a classification according to these differences and similarities, some will be superior and some inferior in terms of certain organs and tissues.

There is no scientific basis for the view of evolution claiming that this chain came into being by chance. On the contrary, the genetic structure of every living being remains fixed throughout generations, reinforcing the thesis that each living group was created separately.

Barred mudskipper is the greatest proof of creation, not evolution, because evolutionists claim that the environmental conditions changed during the transition from aquatic life to terrestrial life, that fish gradually adapted themselves to terrestrial life with the withdrawal of the water in the environment, and that frogs that were adapted to terrestrial life formed as a result of the withdrawal of aquatic animals.

However, this living being supports creation, not evolution, and shows that Allah created living things that could live both on land and in water.

The wisdom behind Allah’s creation such a living being is asked. There may be not one but a thousand wise reasons behind the creation of every living being in terms of Allah. The ones that we can know or count are only a few. For example, one wise reason may be as follows:In a multiple-choice test, options that are very close to the truth are also included in order to measure the degree of the knowledge of the takers of the test. Allah may have wanted to see who will exclude Him acting upon causes and attribute creation to evolution and causes and who will see Allah’s hand of power behind causes.

In fact, it is Allah who creates both the causes and the results of those causes. The apple tree is the cause for the apple fruit. The cause for the formation of the tree is the apple seed. In fact, it is Allah who creates both the apple and the tree as well as the seed.

They want to attribute this whole universe, which is the work of Allah, to causes and chance by using evolution as a veil and to exclude Allah. Therefore, they try to show the things whose wise reasons they do not know as evidence for evolution and stick to them. However, let alone a single living being, even a single atom, cannot move on its own. Everything is the work of Allah’s knowledge, will and power and is under His control.

40-) Question 56: Does life consist of a struggle? Is a more humane and better lifestyle not possible?

Answer: Allah established a complete network of assistance and solidarity among the beings in this realm. Clouds help plants with rain; plants help animals, and animals help humans.

At the end of what struggle did the sheep win the war with the grass and dominate the grass? Did the cows, camels and oxen eat the things that they obtained through fighting? Are the foods that ants, butterflies, roses and nightingales have products of a struggle? All of this is a grace, bestowal and grant of Allah to those living beings.

Life is not a struggle; an example of complete cooperation is displayed by the sun, air, water, soil, mountains and vineyards, animals, plants and people.

In the human body, the eye helps the hand, the hand helps the face, the lungs help the heart, the heart helps the blood and the blood meets the needs of the body with the nutrients it carries. The needs of each one of the one hundred trillion cells in man are instantly met by the others. Food is at the disposal of the stomach and the stomach is at the disposal of the body.

In fact, the current food chain in the universe is based on the principle that living beings benefit from each other. For example, there are very small organisms in the seas called plankton. They play a role in the conversion of carbon dioxide to oxygen. Thus, the air is cleaned by these microorganisms. These small beings are also the food of small fish. Can the small fish’s eating these plankton be regarded as a struggle? If we assume that small fish do not eat them, what will those small fish feed on? Small fish are sustenance for big fish. God Almighty makes one fish lay a million eggs for the continuation of this food chain and for keeping the balance in the universe. Thus, the number of fish is kept at a certain rate and their food is provided. Very few of these fish are food for humans. All of them are necessary for a certain order and system in the universe; thus, the food of living beings is provided too.

Those who regard life as a struggle by considering the beings that have this perfect system of assistance as strangers and enemies to one another are supporters of materialist thought and positivist philosophy.

Allah makes the entire universe help man all the time and He does not show consent to his being hurt spiritually; He states that it will be in favor of man to ask Allah for things that will arrange and improve his eternal life.

41-) Question 46: How should the activity of God Almighty be explained to those who regard even miraculous events as normal and Allah’s commands as properties of things?

Answer: Having knowledge in the field of science is not enough to know Allah. It is possible to know Allah through belief in Him. The condition of that belief is that the individual will use his partial free will to find and know Allah but it is not enough; Allah will grant him the light of belief. If a person is deprived of this light of belief, he cannot find and know Allah even if he knows thousands of branches of science.

It is not easy to understand Allah’s creation and activities in the universe. The difficulty of it originates from the fact that the soul compares Allah to himself and tries to compare Allah’s activities to his own activities. However, the attributes of Allah are different from the attributes of man. The soul usually tries to know Allah by comparing Hm to himself and thinking as follows: I can do up to two things at the same time with my both hands. The deity can do a little bit more work than that. However, he errs; everybody draws a model of deity in their own realm with such an understanding. Naturally, it is not possible to understand the events in the universe and especially the creation of living beings with such an understanding of deity.

We should see how Allah describes himself to us. God Almighty introduces himself as follows in the chapter of al-Ikhlas: He begets not, nor is He begotten. He created everything. All created beings are creatures; they cannot be deities. He does not need anything; everything is in need of Him. His attributes are from His essence.

His attributes being from His essence means He cannot be a deity if those attributes are absent or limited. For example, the attribute of power is a necessity of His existence. Its meaning is as follows: A being that has limited or no power cannot be a deity. Since His power is infinite, more-less, big-small are the same for His power. That is, the manifestation of His will in removing an atom is the same as the manifestation of His will in removing the entire universe. In other words, the manifestation of His will in creating an atom is equal to the manifestation of His power and will in creating the entire universe, including Paradise and Hell. Furthermore, if God Almighty is to create this present universe infinite times more, the manifestation of His will and power will be the same as creating an atom. So, there is no difference between creating an atom and creating the infinite universe for Allah.

Allah’s dealing with things is through command and will. To understand it better, we can consider the manifestation and appearance of the sun in the mirrors. Supposing that the sun is smart and conscious, and supposing that its seven colors in its light are its seven attributes such as sight, hearing, knowledge and power, it is in contact with all plants and objects with its light. If the green color were its sight, it would see all simultaneously; if the yellow colorwere its hearing, it would hear the sounds of all plants; one would not prevent another. If the red color were its power, it would create all the plants simultaneously; one would not prevent another.

We can understand with a computer program to a certain extent that Allah does things with command and will in the universe by ordering all atoms with the command “Be”, taking them from the realm of non-existence into the realm of existence.

Suppose that there is a five hundred square meter patterned carpet program on the computer. This program is in a sense, the qadar book of the carpet. That is, the carpet will be woven according to that program. If the machine weaves one square meter per hour, 500 hours is necessary for this task. The carpet to be woven consists of threads, threads consist of molecules and molecules consist of atoms. By pressing the button of the machine connected to the computer only once, we direct the billions of atoms that will work in the five hundred square meter carpet with the command “Be”; we know what atoms will form with what patterns in five hundred hours and give that order.

The program of each flower, each tree is recorded in their seeds by Allah; the genetic structure of each animal is also recorded in the nucleus of the cell by Allah. The beings who take the command Be from Allah weave with atoms just like we weave the carpet on the page of time in line with this genetic program.

Just as a commander makes a soldier march with the command “March”, he also makes one million soldiers march with the same order. Thus, Allah’s will becomes manifest with the command Be in atoms and molecules, and whatever He wants is created.

We experienced this creation ourselves in the mother’s womb. Likewise, we observe the chicken egg in the incubator for 21 days, second by second. We observe the changes that occur within the framework of the laws of physics, chemistry and biology. However, we cannot understand how elements such as sodium, potassium and calcium are transformed into a living being because there is no direct contact with the being in command and will. The command is given and the being emerges. Since we have contact with the object in our works, the soul always compares the creator with itself, and then it cannot understand the issue.

If we want to make an apple, we cut pieces of nylon or paper and then stick them.

The deed of Allah is to say Be to elements; and they form the apple within the plan and program drawn for them. By comparing it to his own world, everybody can understand the deeds of the divine power in the universe to a certain extent.

Since our knowledge is very limited, it is not possible for us to know and understand His activities properly. These examples are given only to ease understanding.

42-) Question 16: How was the shape of the face of Hz. Adam?

Answer: Hz. Adam was the most beautiful person on earth. He was a very handsome man with his shape, tallness and figure. For, he was the first father of Yusuf, who was the most handsome man in the world. Hz. Adam was also the father of Hz. Muhammad, who was very beautiful and handsome and who beautified both the world and the hereafter. He was the father of all of us.

All of the beauties, colors and race characters of all of us, that is, all people, were combined in his genetic structure. His dominant characters appeared on his face and structure; other recessive characters were dormant in his genetic structure.

As a result of the increase in the number of people, they separated from one another as tribes and groups and began to reproduce among themselves. Thus, the recessive characters that were freed from the influence of dominant characters had the opportunity to show themselves in appearance. As a result, today’s color and race characters were formed.

Do not take into account the half-humanhalf-ape models that atheist philosophers and positivist evolutionists draw based on their imagination. No such being lived and no evidence of such a being was found. None of them is a product of scientific knowledge. It is only imaginary beings they made up in order to harm the belief of people.

Man was created in the best form materially and spiritually

Allah states that He created man in the best form as follows:

By the Fig and the Olive, And the Mount of Sinai, And this City of security,- We have indeed created man in the best of molds, Then do We abase him (to be) the lowest of the low,- Except such as believe and do righteous deeds: For they shall have a reward unfailing.¹

Allah Almighty made man the perfect living being among beings in terms of his spiritual and bodily abilities. Man will ascend to the highest spiritual position by using his abilities with his free will in the straight path, that is, in the way that Allah wants, or, he will descend to the lowest level of the living beings by following the opposite direction.

The value of a computer originates from being used by man and answering man’s questions. Otherwise, to evaluate a computer only materially and to regard it as a few kilograms of iron and bakelite means not to understand it.

Man is like that too. To evaluate him only materially, as atheist and positivist thinkers do and to regard it as a being made of meat, bones, blood and tissues means not to be able to appreciate his true duty and value.

Man has been sent to this world as an official and a guest. He has been given a very important ability. Important duties are assigned to him according to his ability.

All the wonderful faculties given to men were not for this insignificant worldly life, but for an everlasting life of great significance. For if we compare man with the animals, we see that man is very rich in regard to faculties and members, a hundred times more so than the animals. But in the pleasures of worldly life and in animal life he falls a hundred times lower. For in each pleasure he receives is the trace of thousands of pains. The pains of the past and fears of the future and the pain at each pleasure’s passing spoil the enjoyment to have from them, and leave a trace in the pleasure. But animals are not like that. They receive pleasure with no pains. They take enjoyment with no sorrow. Neither the sorrows of the past cause them suffering, nor do the fears of the future distress them. They live peacefully, and offer thanks to their Creator.²

Man’s value is based on to the extent that he knows Allah with the spiritual faculties given to him such as mind, thought and imagination, that he becomes a mirror to the manifestations of all His names and understand their meaning. Man becomes an addressee and friend of Allah by seeing all the blessings, primarily belief, that Allah has given to him, His material and spiritual treats, help and grants to the beings he loves and by answering them with appreciation and worshipping; thus, he reaches the highest level of humanity spiritually.

Thus, Hz. Adam was created in the best waymaterially and spiritually, and Allah Almighty made all the angels prostrate before him and met him in Paradise. Man, who is the direct addressee of the light of Allah, will surely be the most beautiful being in the world with the partial manifestation of that light on him.

1.At-Tin, verses 1-6.
2.Nursi, B.S. Sözler. Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı Yayınları-600. Ankara, 3.baskı, 2016, s. 387-393.

43-) Question 14: Is there any scientific evidence for the creation of Hz. Adam and Hz. Hawwa? Or, is it based on only the Quran?

Answer: It is necessary to define science first and hence to show what should be understood from being scientific.

Definition of Science

Science is defined as a type of knowledge that has its own characteristics among various types of knowledge. The purpose of science is to understand the universe in the broadest sense. Science uses ways of defining and explaining phenomena to achieve this goal. While the occurrence of the phenomenon is determined in the definition, the reason for the occurrence of the phenomenon is shown in the explanation. Daily knowledge, scientific knowledge, artistic knowledge and religious knowledge can be counted among types of knowledge. The most distinctive characteristic that distinguishes between types of knowledge is obtaining knowledge with different methods. Any knowledge can be obtained through experiment, observation, intellect, experience, and using one or more of the methods such as intuition and logic; thus, the difference between types of knowledge arises accordingly.¹

As a matter of fact, in formal sciences such as mathematics and logic, a method that is away from observation and experiment but based on reasoning is used; however, experiment and observation are more important in sciences such as physics, astronomy and biology. On the other hand, history and social sciences have methods peculiar to them.

As it can be understood from these explanations, all kinds of knowledge is scientific. However, the methods of obtaining knowledge are different. One of these types of knowledge is scientific knowledge and it is based only on observation and experiment.

Supporters of positivist philosophy and atheist evolutionists try to reduce all sciences to scientific knowledge and they do not accept other knowledge as scientific knowledge. If we do not rely on the knowledge other than scientific knowledge, what shall we do with educational institutions that do not enter the laboratory in the social, philosophical and religious fields? Shall we not regard what is taught and studied in various departments of the Faculties of Literature, Faculties of Theology, Faculties of Business, Law and Political Sciences, and even mathematics as science? Intellect and logic are used in science; comparisons are made between objects, and ideas are discussed. They cannot be considered unscientific because they do not enter laboratory. If a subject is mentioned in the Quran, or if it is in a hadith book, it is also a kind of knowledge.

It should be noted that sciences are interconnected, but it should not be overlooked that all sciences cannot be reduced to one branch of science, for example, physics.²

Let us return the question above after these explanations: It is understood that the creation of Hz. Adam and Hz. Hawwa is a scientific incident. However, it is not scientific knowledge. That is, you combine carbon and oxygen in the laboratory and carbon dioxide emerges. This is scientific knowledge. However, it is not possible to observe the creation of Hz. Adam and Hz. Hawwa again by putting them in the laboratory.

You cannot observe the existence of your grandfather’s grandfather through experiment. That is, you cannot bring him back to the world. If you cannot find his bones, etc. and evidences, his existence is not scientific knowledge either. If you do not accept the issues that do not enter laboratory as scientific, you should also deny their existence. If you cannot verify all your family members before your grandfather through experiments and laboratory work, you may refuse your grandfather since you cannot prove through experiment that he lived.

It is an ideological behavior, not a scientific approach, to claim that the creation incidents did not take place just because their creation cannot be observed again.

If you have a father, you will have a grandfather too. If you have a grandfather, your great-great…grandfather will be Hz. Adam. If you have a mother, your great-great…grandmother must definitely be Hz. Hawwa. Can there be any better scientific evidence for the existence of Hz. Adam and Hz. Hawwa? What other scientific evidence do you want? If we take Hz. Hawwa and Hz. Adam out of their graves and make them stand before you, I am sure that you will not believe it again. However, you regard the opinion and word of an irreligious philosopher regarding the issue as valid and scientific knowledge. You think there is no hesitation and doubt about it. Is that right?

If you assume that Hz. Hawwa did not exist because her existence could not be proved scientifically, you absolutely have tofind yourself a new Hawwa. Then, you will accept either the horse or the dog, or the cow or the fly, or the vole as Hawwa. If you do not accept all of this like some philosophers, you will say that there is no creator in the universe, there is no created being; and I do not exist either. In that case, such an issue is not discussed with someone who does not exist.

1.Ural, Ş. BilimTarihi. Kırk Ambar Yayınları. Istanbul, 1998, p. 13.
2.http://www.canertaslaman.com/kitap/1.htm.

44-) Question 27: How were the first organisms created from the first soil, which had not contained carbon yet?

Answer: It was not just carbon that was not in the soil. If it were only carbon, an explanation could be given about it. There was no earth. There was no air, no water, no atmosphere, etc. Even the earth did not exist. Why do you not go to the beginning? Did theyexist at the beginning? They didn’t. Who created the first living being even if it was carbon? Is creating a living being easier than creating the carbon element? Why do you not question it?

When someone tells us there was no carbon, let us not act like his lawyer. Let us ask him how the universe came into being when it did not exist. If there is a work, there must a master (doer) of it. A letter cannot be without a scribe and a village cannot be without a headman; can it be possible for this big universe, from atoms to galaxies, to be ownerless?

In the first creation, everything was created out of nothing. The first creation cannot be explained by the currentlaws of creation. After creating the universe, Allah imposed some rules such as the law of growth, development, push and pull for the development, reproduction and differentiation of beings. Those laws and some reasons that played a role in creation did not exist in the first creation. Therefore, it would be wrong to try to explain the first creation of living beings by accepting that there were a number of reasons, laws and principles that did not exist at the beginning but came into effect later.

We take an apple from the tree. The tree emerges from the apple seed in accordance with certain laws. In the beginning, there was no apple tree and no seed. There is no law of push and pull. There were no electromagnetic forces that held the electrons and neutrons of the atom together. Therefore, we have to take into account the formation of the atom and the creation of matter when causes did not exist. Matter must have been created beforehand so that living beings could be made from that matter. If you do not take into account that all this is the work of Allah, who controls everything, who has infinite power, will and knowledge, you cannot explain the creation of non-living and living beings through some causes such as carbon, oxygen, air and sun because those causes were created later too.

The main reason we find it difficult to understand the creation of beings is that we often compare the attributes of Allah with our own attributes. In other words, everybody draws a deity model in his world, and the deity he draws in his world is a model that can do a little more work than himself.

However, we should see how Allah introduces Himself to us. He did not beget; He was not begotten; He was not created; He created all beings Himself. Anything that is created is not a deity. All his attributes are infinite. More and less, big and small are the same for Him. After accepting Allah like this, we should look at the creation of non-living and living beings.

Our attributes are limited. In other words, our power, knowledge, will, seeing and hearing are limited. However, the attributes of Allah are infinite. There is no gradation in His attributes. In other words, creating the season of spring and creating a flower are the same for Him. Creating an atom is the same as creating the whole universe for His power. If Allah is to create infinite times more universes than the present universe, the manifestation of His will to create an atom will be the same as creating infinite universes. We should know and accept Allah like this because He introduces himself to us like this. The devil cannot deceive anyone who has such a belief in Allah and cannot make him deny Allah.

45-) Question 23: Why did Allah create the universe and the things in it based on the laws of chemistry, physics, etc.? What is the wisdom behind life’s being based on the laws of biology, chemistry and physics?

Answer: Every being or law created by Allah can have many wisdoms. Since our knowledge is very limited, we can perceive or mention His wisdoms in creation to a very limited extent. What science does is to understand the wisdoms and purposes of this creation and to show some principles and operations on which they are based.

Every law and system in the universe are based on one or sometimes several names of Allah and become a mirror to the manifestations of those names to some extent. In other words, the names of Allah appear and become manifest in the form of laws and principles in beings. For example, let us think of a leaf of the apple tree. Many names of Allah are manifested in the formation of this leaf. In the manifestation of the name Hakim (All-Wise), it is essential to comply with reason and logic, to be wise and purposeful. At the same time, the future duty of this leaf is taken into consideration due to the manifestation of the name Mudabbir (Prudent). In addition, due to the manifestation of the name Muqaddir (Determiner), this leaf is given a certain shape and dimensions; it is adorned beautifully with the manifestation of the name Muzayyin (Adorner). With the manifestation of many more names that we do not list here, everything, from the inside and the outside of that leaf to its nutrition and functions, is planned down to the finest details and created

Thus, the manifestations of Allah’s names on beings require them to be created according to a certain plan, wisdom and purpose. The observation of a certain plan, goal and purpose in beings becomes manifest in the form of the laws of physics, chemistry, biology, gravity and electromagnetics.

On the other hand, knowing that certain principles and laws are involved in the creation of beings and in the continuation of their lives also invites and encourages human research and investigation because when the researcher knows that nothing is unattended and random, it stimulates his spirit of research and examination. Such a spiritual structure is the first encouraging element in the progress of humanity.

46-) Question 6: Is it appropriate in terms of mercy for the innocent people to die in earth quakes?

Many people are harmed in earthquakes. They lose their wealth and lives. Is it not oppression?

- No. Allah does not oppress His slaves in any way. The slave deserves it himself. Misfortunes, i.e. disasters come due to some evils, disobedience and denials. As a matter of fact, it happened like that related to the tribes in the past.

However, there are innocent people and children who obey Allah’s orders among those who are harmed.

A misfortune does not affect those who are guilty only. It affects all of them. However, those who are innocent will receive the thawab of martyrdom if they are believers. Their wealth will be regarded as charity. Children will go directly to Paradise since they have not reached the age of responsibility yet.

-Why do misfortunes affect everybody? Is it not possible for them to affect criminals only?

-As the world is the world of testing, it does not force the mind and will of man as a requirement of the test. If such misfortunes affected only those who were guilty and did not affect, for example, those who performed prayers and worshipped, some people would worship not for Allah, but for protection from misfortunes. However, it is not in accordance with the secret of testing.

- Let us tolerate such early deaths since humans will go to Paradise. What about the death of insects and flies every fall?

Death in the fall is mercy for them too. How much would those animals suffer in that severe cold in the winter if they were not dead?

If animals and plants did not die, new animals and plants would not be given the right to life. For example, if fruity trees always remained with their fruits and leaves, there would be no room for new ones.

- Would it not be better?

- Then, there would be monotony around us; no different life scenes and seasons would exist. For example, every seed has the ability to grow and mature. The same thing is valid for eggs. If the current plants and animals did not die, there would be no room for new ones; they would be deprived of this blessing of life, though short. For example, with the development of a watermelon seed, the production of watermelon in a season is a great pleasure for that seed.

-I understood it better now. Room is made for new ones as plants and animals die in a certain period of time. They are also enabled to enjoy this blessing of life, though briefly.

Badiuzzaman Said Nursi states that beings do not go to non-existence and that they move from the realm of power to the realm of knowledge as follows:

“Things do not go to non-existence, they rather pass from the realm of power to the realm of knowledge; they go from the Manifest World to the World of the Unseen; they turn from the world of change and transience to the worlds of light and eternity.

In reality, the beauty and perfection in things pertain to the divine names and are their impresses and manifestations. Since the names are eternal and their manifestations, perpetual, certainly their impresses will be renewed, refreshed, and made beautiful. Things do not vanish into non-existence; their relative determinations change; their realities, essences, and identities, from which spring their beauty and loveliness, effulgence and perfection, are enduring.” (24. Mektup, Üçüncü Remiz).

-Due to the pleasure that the creatures of Allah take from life, Allah also takes a holy pleasure appropriate for His divine essence. The pleasure that the creatures take from life pleases their Creator.

Nursi expresses it as follows:

“Of a certainty, there is an infinite holy eagerness arising from that sacred compassion and pure love; and from that holy eagerness arises an infinite sacred joy. And arising from that sacred joy, is, if the term is permissible, an infinite holy pleasure. It is these that necessitate a boundless activity.

And that boundless activity in turn necessitates boundless change and transformation, alteration and destruction. And the boundless change and transformation necessitate death and extinction, decline and separation” (24. Mektup, İkinci Remiz).

Thus, the emergence of the talents of the beings give them great pleasure and joy. With their joy, Allah also take pleasure appropriate for His essence.

The emergence of the potentials in the seeds and eggs that are created every year and the joy of those beings make change, differentiation and death necessary and regular. For, room is made for new ones with death.

47-) Question 61: The faces and fingerprints of all people are different since their DNA’s are different. How can such diversity be possible?

Answer: The difference in people’s face and hands is related to protein structures. That is, the variety in proteins causes these differences. Proteins are created by RNAs, and RNAs are created by DNAs. Proteins are produced from hundreds of amino acid molecules lined up side by side. The smallest protein is made up of at least 300 amino acids. Changing the junction of one of the molecules of nitrogen, hydrogen and oxygen that make up the amino acid, or changing the order of one of the amino acids yields a new protein.

A protein molecule that contains 288 amino acids in its structure and is made up of 12 different amino acids has 10³⁰⁰ isomers. In other words, the number of 288 molecules of protein that can consist of 12 amino acids is as many as the number that will occur by placing 300 zeros after the number 10. What is more important is that only one of the so many proteins that can occur is beneficial for that living being; the others are generally harmful. Thousands of this protein will be made for that living being. The probability of the desired protein to occur each time is a probability of 10^-300. Could such a thing happen by chance? Or can it be attributed to DNA or RNA molecules?

All this is the work of Allah’s infinite, vast and rich power, knowledge and will. Those who do not want to accept Allah attribute these structures, which are works of knowledge, will and power, to atoms, and hence attributing knowledge, will and power to them. They do not accept Allah, which is one, and have to accept the deities as many as the number of atoms, attributing each atom as much power, might and knowledge as one deity.

Such people cannot see the truth because the prudence,that is, the eye of the heart of them, is closed. It is necessary to say, ‘woe to their minds’.

Thus, connecting one atom to a different place in the sequence of amino acids that make up the DNAs means a new code. In fact, changing the adjacent relations of the atoms, that is, one of them moving one step forward, means a new code and meaning. Thus, a genetic structure that can encode a large number of characters occurs.

48-) Question 21: Although we are perfect beings, we go to toilet unnecessarily. What is the reason for it?

Answer: The perfection of man originates from the position of humanity, bestowed upon him by Allah as a grant. The fact that man has intellect and thought in this position gained him a position over all beings. Besides, because of his intellect, Allah accepts man as His addressee. Thus, man has reached the position of the most honored being on earth.

However, all these are not the values that man attains through his own will and power. Man is weak andis in need of Allah for everything. The most obvious example of it is going to the toilet. You regard it unnecessary. Then, do not go to the toilet. If you cannot go to the toilet for two days, the whole question for you will be to remove the dirt in your bowels. You can have so much difficulty to meet this need that you will be willing to give your whole wealth in return for defecating.

That is the weakness of man. He cannot do anything on his own. It is not within his power and will to digest the food that he eats and to use it in the most appropriate way, to dispose of the waste materials and to make his heart beat.

If man cannot control his own body, how can he have any effect on the outer realm? In other words, it is not within the will and power of man to make a sheep lamb, an apple tree blossom and yield fruit, make winter go and spring come, and make the day replace the night.

This weakness of man, who cannot even eliminate the need to go to the toilet, should be the greatest occasion for understanding the deeds of the will and power of Allah in the universe.

It is one thing that man was created in the most beautiful and perfect way as a human being, and it is another thing that his needs are met by Allah. In other words, man is too weak to meet his needs. It is the greatest honor for him to leave conceit aside and bow down and prostrate before Allah.

What a great ingratitude it is for man not to praise and thank Allah, who realizes all the activities in his body and puts the universe at his disposal, in the face of His grace generosity, grants and treats, to forget and to abandon worshipping, which is the greatest praise, required by being His servant.

49-) Question 38: Does belief in Allah prevent scientific research?

Answer: Belief in Allah does not prevent scientific research; on the contrary, it encourages scientific research. One of the materialist evolutionists states the following since he does not know Islam:

If we had regarded intelligent design sufficient, we would not have gone to space; nor would we have reached the bottom of the seas.

This fool does not understand that knowing that Allah created everything based on a plan and purpose encourages man more to research and to examine. Since God Almighty did not create anything without a purpose and benefit, He wants every being to be known in detail. Such a wish encourages research and examination.

Islam does not conflict with science because the religion of Islam sees the whole universe as a book - a book that is the work of Allah’s attribute of power and a book written by elements, that is, the book of the universe

In Islam, thinking of the measured, planned and purposeful creation in things, is expressed as tafakkur (contemplation/meditation), reasoning and interpreting. Islam regards an hour of reasoning and thinking superior to supererogatory worshipping.

The Quran refers people to the mind by saying, Do ye not understand?¹, Will ye not understand?². It encourages people to think by using the mind. It says, And none will grasp the Message except men of understanding.³It advises us to ask Allah to increase our knowledge: Say, ‘O my Lord! Increase me in knowledge’.⁴It draws attention to the fact that those who know and those who do not know are not equal: Are those equal, those who know and those who do not know??⁵.

Already have We shown the Signs plainly to you that ye may learn wisdom.⁶

People are asked to learn something that they do not know by asking and searching:

If ye realize this not, ask of those who possess the Message.⁷

Hadiths also encourage people to learn:

A person who sets off to learn knowledge is in the way of Allah until he returns.⁸

If a person seeks knowledge, this will atone for his sins in the past.⁹

A wise word is like something that a believer has lost. He has the right to take it wherever he finds it.¹⁰

Decrease in knowledge, increase in ignorance¹¹ is stated to be the end of the world.

In Islam, the ink of a scholar is regarded superior to the blood of a martyr. Can such a religion oppose science? Are all branches of science not an interpretation and explanation of Allah’s book of universe? Both the Quran and the universe are His books. What conflicts with Islam is not science but some theories and hypotheses or ideological approaches.

To sum up, the advocates of positivist belief who deify matter use science for their own atheistic ideology. They present their philosophical view, which is based on faithlessness and denial as proven science and claim that Islam is against science.

However, Islam gives great importance to research, science and scientists and praise them.

1.al-Baqara, verse 76.
2.al-Baqara, verse 44.
3.Aal-i Imran, verse 7.
4.Taha, verse 114.
5.az-Zumar, verse 9.
6.al-Hadid, verse 17.
7.an-Nahl, verse 43.
8.Tirmidhi, Ilm 2, 2649; Ibn Majah, Muqaddima 17, 227.
9.Tirmidhi, Ilm 2, 2650.
10.Tirmidhi, Ilm, 19, 2688.
11.Bukhari, Kitabul-Ilm, 71-72.

50-) Question 72: If Allah created everything, why are 24 million trials made for a protein synthesis in the body? Would it not be done only once If Allah existed?

Answer: Allah creates everything. Even an atom cannot act without His knowledge, will and power. However, since the world is a place of testing, Allah linked everything with somecauses. He made the apple tree, air, soil, heat and water as the causes of apple. However, it is God Himself who does the work behind those causes. Likewise, He made the mother and father causes for the formation of the child. We see that neither the father nor the mother has a direct role in the formation of the child. In other words, the mother has no say in the formation of the cells and organs of that child in her womb. The mother does not intervene in neither the formation of the eye nor the insertion of the kidneys nor the programming of the heart. She just waits and watches. She prays to Allah so that the organs and limbs of the baby in her womb will not be deficient and that its mental faculties will be in place.

As it is known, Allah has a thousand and one names and the manifestation of each name is different. When we get hungry, we see the manifestation of the name Razzaq (Sustainer), and when we get sick, the name Shafi (Healer). The manifestation of the name Qadir (all Powerful) is understood with His creation of everything at once. When we look at the occurrence of the events in nature, we generally expect the name Qadir to be manifest. That is, we want to see everything happen all at once. Or, we expect something like that.

Since the world is a place of testing, the name Hakim (All Wise) is dominant over the name Qadir in the world. That is, it is overshadowed by the name Hakim. So, it is in its shadow. The name Hakim wants everything to occur in a certain order and system gradually, and the causes to be a veil to Allah’s power. For this reason, the wheat seed becomes wheat ten months after it is thrown into the soil; a baby reaches maturity in the mother’s womb in nine months. Since the name Hakim does not allow the manifestation of the name Qadir, the beings do not occur at once, but over time.

Since there is no trial in the hereafter, the name Qadir will be dominant there, the name Hakim will be overshadowed; there will be no need to wait for something to occur; and everything will occur all at once. A new fruit will be created at once for the one that is picked.

When the manifestations Allah’s names are not taken into account, a mistake is made while explaining such events that occur gradually and based on some causes in the world. Those who do not believe in Allah present their atheist ideologies under the guise of science, exclude Allah and attribute them to nature and causes.

While some see the power, will and knowledge of Allah behind the veil of causes, others are overwhelmed by causes and cannot find Allah. So, that is a requirement of the test.

51-) Question 31: Did creation out of nothing happen in the first beings only? Or, is it still going on?

We rewind time and imagine going to the point when everything was created out of nothing. Knowledge, system, plan and will are observed in the creation of everything. This knowledge, system and plan and the creation of a being out of many options based on preferences show us the Lord of the Realms with His names.

For instance, when we look at a fruit, we see that it was created based on knowledge; we start to know Allah’s names Alim (Knower of All), Hakim (Perfectly Wise) and Qadir (All Powerful). The fruit was given a shape out of infinite options; we understand the names Muqaddir (Determiner)and Musawwir(Shaper of Beauty) from the preference. we understand the names like Rahman (All Merciful), Rahim (All Compassionate), Karim (Generous), Latif (Subtle One)and Razzaq (Sustainer) from the taste and smell of the fruit and the nutrients stored in it; we understand the name Hafiz (Preserver) from the genetic structure in its seed. When we look at the things around us with this viewpoint, everything shows with their planned, programmed and measured creation that they are the work of Allah.

We also see that when Allah creates, He uses some causes. The mother and father are causesin the creation of the child. Sheep is a cause in the creation of the lamb. We also see that causes do not have the characteristics like knowledge, will and power that will produce effects; effects are also created like causes. Therefore, it is not possible for any cause to be a creator.

For instance, the material structures of living beings are made up of many different elements. Those elements were created beforehand in the universe. Thus, the creation of living beings from those existing substances is creation throughinsha. However, there are some characteristics that do not exist in the elements, but are present in living beings. For instance, the shape of that living being, its structure, characteristics, voice, talents, etc. do not exist in the elements. That is, all characteristics of that being except the elements are created and given to it out of nothing through ibda.

We can think of a nightingale as an example. The elements in the body of the nightingaleare put together in its body in the form of “insha”; the talents, behaviors, shape, voice and other features of it are created out of nothing in the form of“ibda” anew, peculiar to that nightingale.

When you look at yourself in the mirror, you see the laws of ibda and insha in your creation.Your matter was taken from the universe but the shape and the structure given to that matter and your talents and all of your characteristics from your walking style to your speech were created through “ibda”,peculiar to you.

Why does man have difficulty in understanding creation out of nothing?

The reason for it is the fact that man compares himself to the creator and looks at His attributes and deeds from his own viewpoint.That is, he compares the activities of Allah in the universe to his deeds and thinks that Allah creates everything within the framework of certain laws. However, it is Allah who creates causes and imposes laws. He does things in the realm of beings by giving commands.

A commander makes a soldier walk with the command “March”; he also makes an army walk with the same command.

Similarly, Allah creates an atom with the command “Be”; He creates the whole universe with the same command and will. There is no difference for him between little and much, big and small.

Thus, Allah uses the substances that He created beforehand when He creates and He also creates new features that did not exist in those substances before.Yes, Allah’s creation in the form of both ibda and insha continue all the time. He abolishes those causes and laws whenever He wishes and creates whatever He wishes and however He wishes.

52-) Question 50: Is the existence of a living cell necessary for the formation of amino acids that join the structure of a living being?

Answer: Aliveness is not necessary for amino acid and similar chemical reactions to occur. However, the being to produce them must be alive. Only aliveness is not enough. He must have power, knowledge and will because the deeds that are done necessitate the existence of a being with infinite power, knowledge and will.

Chemical events and reactions are one thing, and vitality is something completely different. You put sodium and chlorine together and you get sodium chloride, which is table salt. If you throw it into water, it is divided into sodium and chlorine ions. These chemical reactions can be performed in a container as well as in the body.

Amino acids and DNA molecules must also be present. By means of DNA molecules, mRNA and template RNA molecules are made from amino acids. One of them is used as a template RNA molecule. The other is messenger RNA. Amino acids are carried from the cytoplasm to the ribosome in line with the code given to the mRNA. The proteins that are brought side by side in accordance with the RNA, which are placed as templates, are connected with each other with the ester bond and give the desired proteins.

It is not possible to reach a conclusion by excluding Allah and by acting upon causes, and to claim that the events happening in the universe occur by chance and by nature or by randomness. Some resist accepting Allah. When they do not accept Allah, they have to attributeas much knowledge will and power to each atom as to be attributed to a deity. They cannot settle the issue by accepting the work and denying Allah, its master and creator. If such a person tries to do this until Doomsday, he cannot make a person who has conscience and who thinks healthily accept the formation of a work without a master, because the proof of such a thing is impossible.

It is true that amino acids were combined and some protein-like structures were obtained previously. So, how do you explain the incident without accepting those who brought those amino acids together and prepared that experiment?

It is not possible to explain the formation of the Selimiye mosque by excluding Sinan, the Architect; similarly, it is impossible to explain the occurrence of all beings, from atoms to galaxies, by excluding Allah.

All biological materials such as amino acids, proteins, RNAs and DNAs are present in the body of a dead person. However, since life has come to an end in a dead person’s body, neither a protein is synthesized nor an incident related to life occurs. So, everything is based on that thing called aliveness. We do not know the nature of that aliveness. We describe only the form of some behaviors and life events.

That is the key point. The one who brought the amino acids together was a scientist; it is necessary to accept the existence of Allah, who has infinite knowledge, will and power, and who makes atoms, amino acids, and cells and then gives them life. When his existence is accepted, everything is settled.

53-) Question 62: Is new information added to DNA during the time of adaptation in living beings? Can the addition of new information to DNA through adaptation not be seen under the microscope? Why do researches make different interpretations?

Answer: Adaptation means conformity with the environment. Every being has three values that it shows toward every environmental factor in the habitat that it lives as maximum, minimum and optimum. Factors like heat, temperature and light are the main environmental factors. For instance, let us think of the orange tree. Let us think that the temperature that it develops the most and gives the most fruit is 25 degrees; the minimum temperature that it can tolerate is minus 20 degrees and the highest temperature that it can tolerate is 70 degrees.

If living beings are grown facing the environmental factors with the maximum and minimum values, they develop some differences in their structure compared to the ones grown in optimum values. When we grow the orange tree in an environment near the maximum value, that is, near 70 degrees, the leaves will get smaller and fuzzy in order to bear the heat. It will get smaller and fuzzy if it has those properties in its genetic structure. Then, there will be differences between the leaves of the orange tree growing in optimum conditions in terms of temperature and the leaves of the orange tree growing in maximum conditions in terms of size and fuzziness. That difference that is obtained is adaptation.

Is this orange growing in the maximum environmental conditions a new species? If you regard small leaves and fuzziness as characteristics of species, you can call it a new species. However, basically, this plant is still an orange. That is, a pear or a peach tree does not come out of an orange tree through adaptation because its genetic structure will not allow it.

Man’s genetic structure, which contains all characteristics of man, remains the same throughout generations but it is also seen that the environment causes some effects on the individual, lasting at least throughout life. It is understood that every effect that causes the change of methyl or ethyl groups affects the life of the individual directly or indirectly. When they are taken into consideration, it is understood that not only the types and shapes of the food but also whether the food taken is halal or haram can cause changes in the epigenetic structure of man.

The importance and results of the epigenetic structure

Epigenetics means changes in the expression of genes in an organism without any change during DNA base, and hence the changes related to genetics that occur in the phenotype of this organism or its cells. In epigenetic events, there is no change in the base sequence of the DNA of the organism. Instead, some non-genetic factors enable the genes of the organism to express themselves and behave differently. As a result, differences in the phenotype (external appearance) of the organism or cell are seen.

There are two main sources of epigenetic changes. They are as follows:

1-DNA methylations.

2-Histon modifications.

Both events are effective in the formation and remodeling of the structure of chromatin fiber, which consists of DNA and histones. Therefore, the control of gene expression is carried out through these two basic events.

DNA methylation is a key factor in the formation and remodeling of the chromatin structure, along with the modifications of histones. Changes in the chromatin structure as a result of histone modifications enable the cell to obtain many features that will be necessary in the life of the multicellular organism.

DNA methylation is an important factor in the regulation of gene transcription. When genes cannot express their structures, it is called gene silencing. Numerous studies have been conducted showing that abnormal DNA methylation causes genes to silence unwantedly. Genes that have high levels of 5-methylcytosine in the promoter regions, that is, the genes whose cytosines have been methylated, are transcriptionally silenced genes and they are inexpressible.

During the development of an organism, a special group of molecules known as “morphogens” can activate a permanently silent gene epigenetically or can silence an active gene. Thus, they give the cell a memory. Various epigenetic structure systems play a role in the formation of cell memory.

Although epigenetic events are seen as a reason for differentiation in multicellular organisms, when these organisms grow, epigenetic changes are restored and they are not transferred to offspring. However, there are some observations showing that epigenetic changes continue for generations. For example, the paramutation seen in corn is such a hereditary epigenetic change. Some of these epigenetic changes are transferred for generations, while others tend to disappear after a while. It can be said that epigenetic changes are formed as an answer to environmental effects.

It is known that some epigenetic changes and heredity are carried to generations in prokaryotes, plants and animals. However, it is also possible for these changes to be restored.

Some abnormalities seen in humans are the result of genomic imprinting. Genomic imprinting is a condition that occurs in mammals, originating from the genes in the special gene regions of the mother and father’s sexual cells’ having different epigenetic characteristics. The best examples of human abnormalities induced by genomic imprinting-are Angelman syndrome and Prader-Willi syndrome. These abnormalities are a process toward the deterioration of the genetic structure in humans, not its improvement.

Can the addition of new information to DNA through adaptation not be seen under the microscope? Why do researches make different interpretations?

Those who are not competent in the issue probably liken making research in the structure of DNA to picking apples from an apple orchard. Consider a liquid as tiny as a thousandth of the size of a drop of water. It is easier to do research in this liquid drop than DNA. Structures shown as DNA forms are imagined DNA models. In fact, the structure of DNA consists of very tiny material that can be seen after being magnified thousands of times. Changes in DNA structure and some functions are tried to be shown through trial and error.

It is known that the food man ingests is known to influence his behavior

It is indicated both in hadiths and verses of the Quran that man needs to avoid haram food. It is often mentioned in the Quran that it is necessary to eat clean and halal things:

...He (the Prophet) commands them what is just and forbids them what is evil; he allows them as lawful what is good (and pure) and prohibits them from what is bad (and impure)....¹

O ye people! Eat of what is on earth, Lawful and good....²

The following is stated in a hadith: If a person ingests a morsel of haram food, his prayers will not be accepted for forty days³

In hadiths, attention is attracted to the fact that the food affects the baby in the mother’s womb⁴:

Make pregnant women eat pears; it makes the baby have high ethics. Eating pears strengthens the heart, cleans the stomach, gives peace and enables the child to be brave and beautiful.⁵

The following is stated in another hadith: Make pregnant women eat sweetgum because it will be the food of the baby in the mother’s womb; it will enable the child to be brave and patient.⁶

Issues such as the body ingesting haram food not being willing to worship and the haram food having its effect for 40 days can be perceived as a sign of these epigenetic changes.

As a matter of fact, it is claimed by doctors and biologists that the foods eaten by man affect human behavior. Doctors advise expectant mothers to avoid the nutrition and lifestyle that will adversely affect the baby’s behavior in the world in order to develop a healthy baby in the mother’s womb. For example, it is stated that if the mother eats a lot of red meat when she is pregnant, it may negatively affect the sperm count of the baby in the future if it is male.⁷

Adaptation occurs without any change in the DNA structure of the living being when genetic effect mechanisms do not display the desired and expected effects due to the influence of the internal and external environment. They are sometimes transferred to offspring. Formations such as cancer are also a form of adaptation resulting from different decoding during the orientation of cell functions according to the genetic structure due to some reasons.

The issues that interest only specialized people

In facts, these issues are very special issues that interest only specialized people. The reason why other people are interested in those issues originates from the fact that positivist and materialist thinkers explain the past of man with such changes. Besides, the soul tries to find a way showing that man emerged coincidentally and randomly as a result of the differentiation of other living beings when the environmental conditions changed so that it will exclude Allah and ignore His commands and prohibitions. However, even the movement of an atom is not outside the scope of Allah’s knowledge, will and power. How can the emergence of man, who is the most honorable creature, be without His knowledge?

Denying Allah does not prevent one from going to the hereafter, but entering Paradise

Allah is not excluded when a person regards Him to be non-existent. It is like denying the existence of the sun. He who closes his eyes by refusing the existence of the sun makes it dark only for himself. Denying Allah and not accepting the hereafter does not prevent one from going to the hereafter, but entering Paradise.

1.al-A’raf, verse 157.
2.al-Baqara , verse 168.
3.Sahih Bukhari: 6/357.
4.Velayet.com.31.10.2011.
5.Kafi Vol. 6 p.357 seferceli.
6.Hilyatul-Muttaqin.145.
7. http://www.pressturk.com. 31.10.2011.

54-) Question 54: How can a person, especially a scientist, deny Allah deliberately?

Answer: We think when scientists see the system and order in the universe at first glance, they need to accept that it is definitely the work of a creator. However, this is not the case at all. Accepting the existence of Allah is a matter of belief. Not all people are granted belief.

Taftazani defines belief as follows: Belief is the light that Allah throws into the heart of a person that He wishes after that person’s use of his free will

That is, the slave needs to make an effort to understand and know Allah. After that, Allah will grant His light. A person who does not have the light of belief, that is, who does not believe in Allah, sees and perceives everything in the universe as stray, purposeless and meaningless. He sees everything as a stranger and enemy to man, just like a person looking at trees and shrubs at night and likening them to monsters and dragons because he cannot see around in the desolate jungle.

It seems strange that a scientist sees the works of art in the universe, which require a highly artistic and infinite knowledge and power and denies their owner. Is it possible for this big universe to be without an owner while a letter cannot be without a scribe and a needle without a master? It is definitely not possible.

When a few ink spots are put on eyeglasses, they may prevent a big mountain from being seen. Similarly, spots put on the spiritual eye of the heart due to the sins that are committed prevent many truths from being seen.

The sun is luminosity and light. It illuminates and enlightens the places it enters, causing roses, basils, daffodils and tulips to form; the same sun decays and rots the things that are stale.

Similarly, the lights of knowledge that the people whose spiritual worlds have rotten due to sins receive from the universe go out in their worlds. Although every being is a window opening to Allah, it is transformed into randomness and coincidence in such a person’s world. It is no longer possible for them to penetrate the truth. For God Almighty states the following for people like that:

…They have ears wherewith they hear not; they have eyes wherewith they see not; they have hearts wherewith they understand not. Satan makes their acts seem alluring to them”.¹

Or thinkest thou that most of them listen or understand? They are only like cattle;- nay, they are worse astray in Path.²

We do not have to defend them. Satan defends them much more. We should not forget that believing in Allah is an issue of belief. The way to believe in Allah is to make efforts in order to know and understand Allah. However, it is not enough. It is necessary for a person to be granted the light of belief by Allah. If you do not use your will in this direction, Allah will not grant you belief. Even when you use your will in this direction, the light of belief still depends on Allah’s grace and mercy. We should not be interested in why Allah does not grant this to others; we should try to thank Him for this grant and belief and be grateful to Him. We should know that there cannot be a greater and more valuable grant and grace than belief in the world and the hereafter. Therefore, to be given this boon shows how valuable we are in the eye of Allah. What we need to do is to try to receive this love and grace. Otherwise, Satan, our soul and bad friends work all the time in order to cause this boon to be removed from us. We should do our best and work very hard so as not to lose this grace and beg Allah not to remove it from us. For, belief enlightens man’s world and hereafter. It makes its owner live in a world like Paradise here.

1.al-A’raf, verse 179.
2.al-Furqan, verse 44.

55-) Question 33: The ones that adapt to the environment best survive and weak ones are eliminated. For example, only one of the millions of sperm survives in man. Is it not an indication of merciless law of nature, but not justice?

Answer: First of all, the question is wrong because the Quran is the word of Allah. A spontaneous elimination and selection in nature is meant by natural selection. However, it is stated in the Quran that even an atom cannot act without Allah’s permission and will.

Nothing was created in vain and unattended in the universe. There is not one but perhaps thousands of purposes and wise reasons in the creation of each creature. If man does not consider these purposes and wise reasons in creation, he cannot grasp the subtlety here. First of all, if there is one aspect related to humans in the creation of a creature, there are thousands of aspects related to its creator.

When a living being is created, it come from the realm of non-existence to the realm of existence. That is a great blessing and happiness for it. Life is bestowed upon him. This being becomes a mirror to many names of God Almighty such as Hayy (Ever-Living), Sanii (Maker) and Khaliq (Creator) in terms of its creation, Musawwir (Shaper of Beauty)in terms of being given a certain shape, Razzaq (Sustainer) and Rahman (Merciful)in terms of its sustenance, Hakim (Wise), Karim (generous) and Mudabbir (Prudent)in terms of being created according to purpose and wisdom. It is enough to live even for a moment to be such a mirror because it is a great honor to be a mirror to the names of Allah and to be a creature of Allah; it is indescribable happiness and wealth for those who know and realize it. Therefore, all non-living beings and living beings except for some people enjoy the pleasure and delight given by coming to the realm of existence from the realm of non-existence, and express their satisfaction to Allah in their own languages.

One of the wisdoms of the creation of creatures is that angels and other conscious beings, especially human beings, watch them with contemplation and taking lessons. For example, the fact that not one but millions of living sperm are created at once from the food eaten is presented as a good lesson for those who think of His greatness and power. On the other hand, the verse emphasizes that man is made from a drop of sperm emitted in lowly form so that he will not feel selfish and conceited. Thus, people are enabled to compare their current state with their original state and are reminded that they should thank and worship the being who transformed them from sperm into their current state.

The nutrition, efforts, movements and resistance of millions of sperm are different from one another. These differences arise from their environment and their creation. It is an expected and desired thing that not those who are ill and inadequately fed but those with high ability and resistance reach the egg cell. Thus, healthier and more resistant individuals will be produced.

The death of others is not injustice. Besides, the life of the being fertilizing the egg ends there as a sperm. Life after that does not continue as a sperm. The life of those sperm is not really short because they have already waited for a long time in the gonads and testicles. They do not need training and practice to carry out the task that is assigned to them. Therefore, their lives end when their duties are over.

One of the aspects of the creation of the creatures related to Allah is that He observes His own art and watches His own work of art. It is enough to live for a moment for this.

Some principles and laws that we encounter in life are mentioned in the Quran, and they are the laws that Allah imposed, not laws of nature. Allah has two kinds of laws. The first ones are the work of His attribute of power; the reward and punishment for obeying those laws are generally experienced in this world. For example, a hard object breaks a soft object. The strong one defeats the weak one. The result of working is attaining wealth and the result of laziness is misery. He who complies with those laws will generally get the result in this world whether he is a Muslim or a non-Muslim.

God Almighty created people differently in terms of both strength and wealth. While some people are strong, powerful and wealthy, some are weak, feeble and poor. On the other hand, He orders the strong and the rich to help the poor and promises great reward in the hereafter in return. In fact, it is necessary for individuals to be at such different levels in terms of the social structure of the society. If all individuals were at the same level in terms of ability, capacity and wealth, you would not be able to find a baker to cook your bread, a plumber to plumb things in, a mechanic to repair your car, a carpenter and joiner to make your furniture and house, a tailorto sew and sell your clothes, etc. Then would you understand how wise this different creation was.

The work of Allah’s attribute of speech is the Quran. He who obeys or does not obey the Quran will be rewarded or punished generally in the hereafter.

56-) Question 35: Man has the MAOA warrior gene. This gene leads man to crime, makes him aggressive, sometimes causing a murder. If people are directed by their genes, can we mention partial free will?

Answer: Genes do not manage humans. Man transforms the effects of genes into positive deeds with his partial free will. Man does and should do deeds based on his mind and reason, and the orders of Islam. Man was given mind (intellect) and partial free will for this reason.

One or sometimes more than one gene can have an effect and control over a particular character. That gene or genes willed finitely shape and direct different abilities and talents. This is a necessity of creation, and also of being tested in the world. However, man transforms and should transform these inclinations and talents in the gene into positive deeds. Besides, man will not be held responsible for an ability and talent that cannot be prevented by his will. For example, some genes have the ability to create eyebrows on the forehead, and this ability does not obey human will. Likewise, the activities and effects of the genes that enable the teeth to come out in the mouth cannot be prevented by free will. Therefore, everyone knows conscientiously that human beings will not be questioned for the results of such genes. That is, everyone agrees that Allah will not ask questions like ‘Why did eyebrows come out of your forehead?’ ‘Why did teeth form in your mouth?’. For, they will not obey the will of man. The issues for which man is held responsible are those that depend on his partial free will.

It is stated in the Quran and hadiths that if any gene has a structure encouraging man to commit a crime, it is necessary for man to control his soul and not to listen to the suggestions of Satan regarding the issue. Allah threatens those who oppose the commands by obeying the soul and Satan with penalty in Hell, and wants man to use his partial free will accordingly. Besides, testing requires the existence of such disadvantages. For example, how will someone who is not inclined to lust, whose emotions related to lust are not developed and completely blinded, will be tested whether or no the will commit harams in terms of lust?

If man did not have aggression and the feeling of fury, that is, the effect of anger and fury genes, how would he defend himself and his family in adverse situations and defend his right in cases of injustice? How would he fight the enemy during the war? Man needs to transform the effects of those genes from negative to positive with his partial free will. Besides, the negative states caused by the inborn tendencies, desires and wishes, and Satan’s suggestions at this point are things that man can overcome with his will. Allah does not hold man responsible for the things that exceed human power.

57-) Question 48: Vas deferens duct, which carry the sperm produced in testes to the penis, follows a long route. Is it not a product of bad design?

Answer: First of all, the statements and evaluations above have nothing to do with a scientific interpretation. It is entirely built on unbelief and denial of Allah. More precisely, some irreligious people use some realities and secrets of creation, which cannot be scientifically proved and which they do not understand, as instrument for irreligiousness. They mention some things as examples of unnecessary organs or an unplanned creation based on their own mind.

The long route followed by the Vas deferens duct is not in vain and meaningless. The vas deferens is made follow a rather long way so that three auxiliary genital glands will be connected to it. The first of these glands is vesiculoseminalis gland, which is located immediately before the prostate. Sperm can move thanks to the vesiculoseminalis gland. Without the fluid secreted from this gland, the sperm would be still and like fish without water and would die in a very short time. Then, the Vas deferens joins the prostate gland. The secretions secreted from the prostate gland also provide the nutrition for the sperm. The Vas deferens merges with another gland, immediately after the prostate gland: the Cowper’s glands. Cowper’s glands protect the sperm from the acidic effect of urine and ensure that the sperm remain alive for a long time. As it is seen, there are very important reasons why the vas deferens follows a long route by entering the abdomen after the testicles. That is something that shows its creator on its own. In short, the vas deferens enters the abdomen to merge with the vesiculoseminalis, prostate and Cowper’s glands and follows a somewhat long way. Liquids secreted from these glands undertake vital duties in the functioning of sperms. Evolutionists who are incapable of understanding how the organs in their bodies work and too weak to understand their reasons actually declare their ignorance by denying the creator and His wise deeds.

It is essential that the testicles hang down so that their temperature does not rise above 37 degrees. For, if it does, sperm die above a certain temperature. The person who wrote that article thinks the places the Vas Deferens duct travels are unnecessary. Even only his assessment is the greatest proof of how wonderful and planned the human body is. He points out only a few errors, according to him, in the body though he studies the body in detail.

If it were not the work of the owner of infinite knowledge, will, power and mercy as they claim, but the work of unconscious and random coincidences, what would prevent them from having their mouths on their hands, their feet on their backs, their eyes on their tops? First of all, it is almost impossible for their heads to be like this. Their heads could have been like a cat’s head, a duck’s head, a bird’s head, a horse’s head, and a dog’s head. None of them happened; somehow each of them had a human head.

It is almost impossible for the eyes to be in their current location and to have their current shape and number. Instead of two eyes, we could have had one eye, three, five, fifteen and twenty-five eyes. The place of the eyes could have been on the head, at the back or on the feet. The structure of the eye could have been like the eyes of a dog,horse or ox. Somehow, the eyes turned out to be in their current place, as two eyes and with their current shape. What is more, it is almost impossible for the number, structure and location of all internal and external organs to be as they are now. Suppose that all internal and external organs happened to be in their current places by chance as they claim. However, all organs of all people were placed properly, planned and arranged down to the last details, tailored to the needs of people and given the appropriate spirit.

Can you will ignore all this? How can you claim that Allah created without a plan and schedule acting upon a few organs whose wisdom and existence you cannot find scientifically? It is nothing but using science as an instrument for to irreligiousness.

Everyone is free to believe or not. Someone’s denial of Allah concerns only him. However, it is unacceptable to present this denial under the cover of science and to use science as an instrument for this idea of denying Allah.

If those who regard the structures above as a mistake of creation in their opinion had come to the world 100 years ago, they would have found, not 3 or 5 but, hundreds of mistakes of creation according to their own knowledge. The wisdoms and benefits of the structures that were considered as a mistake of creation at that time are too many to count today. There is no doubt that it will be determined and provedin the future that the structures regarded to be wrong today have many wise reasons and purposes.

58-) Question 5: What is the the problem of evil?

The issue of the problem of evil is a term that is in the agenda of the Europeans. It entered philosophy in the course of time and it has been mentioned a lot among people, especially young people.

They state the following:

“-Allah has mercy and compassion. He shows compassion to His servants and the creatures He creates. He pities them. He meets all kinds of their needs.

However, on the other hand, He gives deaths. Disasters such as diseases, earthquakes and wars take place. He removes some creatures from this world in a short time. A large number of plants and most insects and other animals die every fall. How can all this be explained by His compassion and mercy?”

Since they cannot understand this act of Allah in the universe, they call it “the problem of evil.”

I would like to narrate a discussion with a young person about this issue.

-The acts and deeds of Allah in the universe are very wise and purposeful. All His deeds are completely good.

-How can death be good?

- How can it be bad? If there were no death, the ancestors of a person would be alive but ill; they would be in bed with a lot of wounds. They could not go to the toilet on their own. They would not know the people who came and left. One’s great-grandfather would be 300 years old. There would be grandmothers, grandfathers, grandchildren, children, the youngest of which would be 150 years old, but all in need of care. Who would take care of whom? Would death not be a blessing and desirable thing for them?

- Actually, I had never thought of it like that. From this viewpoint, death is really a great blessing. Otherwise, life would be a torture for both those old people and those who cared for them. Death is also a great blessing for seriously ill patients.

- Death does not actually mean to disappear. It is like migration from a plateau to another plateau. It is a kind of being discharged from service and a rest from duty from this temporary and troublesome worldly life. The grave is the place of meeting with all of one’s ancestors and beloved ones.

- Well, what would you say about the death of children? Is their death not bad?

- At first glance, children die in wars or earthquakes, or in some accidents or for different reasons. Everyone is sorry for them; they feel sorry. It is necessary to view the issue as follows:

Who created this child from a single cell? Allah.

Who made him grow and develop? Who gave him health? Allah.

Who gave his sustenance? Allah.

We feel pity for that child because he was our nephew or son, because of his closeness to us, or at least because we are humans. However, it is Allah who created him and met all his needs. Therefore, Allah loves that child more than us.

-Why does He allow his death then?

-Because He loves him very much.

-I do not understand. Allah loves that child but deems death suitable for him.

-It is easy to understand. Does life consist of only a worldly life of 40 or 70 years?

-Definitely not. There is an eternal life in the hereafter.

-We will not have difficulty in solving the problem when we look at the issue from this point of view.

-How?

-Do we know anything about the future of this child? For instance, will he be rebellious against Allah? Or, will he obey the commands of Allah?

- No, we don’t.

-What would happen if that child lived and disobeyed Allah and went to the hereafter without belief?

-He would go to Hell and remain there eternally.

- Is it better to live 60-70 years and go to eternal Hell after that, or to go to eternal Paradise by dying as a child without living this short worldly life?

- It is definitely better to remain as a child eternally in Paradise.

-If that child, who had not reached the age of puberty, performed worship, he would be resurrected as an adult, not as a child, in Paradise.

-I really did not know about it.

59-) Question 32: Why did Allah create the living beings like Mesosaurus? Millions of species like this living being are extinct now. Why did Allah allow 99% of the species of the living beings He created in 3.7 billion years to disappear?

Answer: Today’s man, whose world has completely changed and narrowed due to the Western philosophy, which does not accept a creator, regards himself as an officer for the arrangement of the universe, and tries to determine and arrange the purpose of life according to his own soul. He evaluates everything according to his own soul. All his purpose is this world life. No matter how long a being lives, he cannot make his feeling of compassion accept that being’s death and objects to it. Here gards it as mercilessness and injustice. In fact, it is a result of man’s using the feelings and emotions such as compassion and mercy given to him, in the wrong place.

Allah created the beings in the universe to show His own art and gave them a certain lifespan. The lifespan of some living beings is only seconds, some minutes, some seasons, some years, some quarter centuries and some centuries. The individuals of those with a seasonal lifespan are recreated every season. Thus, living beings make room for newcomers every season.

The lifespan of the individual living beings is limited; so is the lifespan of species. God Almighty makes some living groups live in a certain period and eliminates them for a number of reasons and replaces them. Extinct animals like Mesosaurus are among them. Such extinct living beings are not as many as it is claimed. There are very few living beings known to be extinct. Besides, the number is not so important because the owner of the universe is Allah. He does whatever He wishes in all realms; He sends away some and brings others. Besides, the living beings created in this world are, in a sense, the creatures exhibited in the world fair. Those who complete the duty of exhibition are sent from the world to the hereafter.

In fact, all living beings play the role given to them in this world fair and leave. Let alone the living beings, this world itself is not permanent. Every living being is temporary and mortal. Human beings are mortal and human species is mortal too. This world itself is temporary and mortal. When the beings in this realm complete their duties and expire, they will bid farewell to this world and be recreated in the eternal realm.

What happens if Mesosaurus lives 400 years instead of 200 years in this temporary realm? It will bid farewell to this realm in the end. The Creator, who has infinite knowledge, will and power determined a different life span for each living group and even each individual. Is it not the same for man? The life expectancy of each individual is different. What is essential is to be able to be addressed by the Creator, who is everlasting and eternal, during this lifespan and to know Him properly. The shortness or length of a life spanis not important if man knows Allah and is addressed by Him. A short moment addressed by Him manifests as eternal time in the hereafter. The worldly life of a person who is not addressed by the Creator and who does not know Himis not worth even a second in terms of the hereafter even if it lasts a thousand years.

It is stated in the Quran that all living and non-living beings prostrate, worship, praise and glorify Allah. Therefore, it is enough for a Mesosaurus that knows and recognizes Him, and glorifies Him to live in this world even for a moment. This short life gives Mesosaurus an eternal life in the hereafter. Although its body is gone, its spirit remains eternal. It watches the hereafter from the body of the same kind.

Unfortunately, today’s man uses the feeling of compassion and mercy in the wrong place. Those who are to be pitied and shown mercy are not the living beings that passed away from the world after prostrating before Allah and worshipping Him like Mesosaurus and living for a certain period and hence gaining eternal life because they gained the afterlife by performing the duties of being animals given to them.

The ones that are really to be pitied are those who do not know Allah, do not worship Him properly and hence do not fulfill the requirements of being humans; they waste their lives in vain and buy Hell instead of Paradise.

60-) Question 71: Is it not possible for the first living being to have come to the world from space by chance through a meteor or any other way?

Answer: The question that evolutionists cannot answer is how the first life emerged. It does not matter where the first life originated. It is much more difficult to prove that life originated in space and came to the world than explaining that life emerged in the world.

No evolutionist has seriously claimed so far that life began in space and came to earth because the conditions of space are not suitable for life at all. First of all, water, air and atmospheric conditions, which are absolutely necessary for life, do not exist in space as far as it is known. In particular, an environment to filter radiation and other harmful rays in space and to protect the living beings from them is necessary. What is the really important issue is the friction conditions on the earth. As it is known, the speed of the earth is approximately 108 thousand km per hour. Any object that comes from space to enter the globe moving at this speed will burn immediately due to friction. It is definitely not possible for a living being to cross this friction barrier and enter the world safely.

That evolutionists claim that the first living being came from space shows their weakness regarding the issue. No matter where the first living being emerged, there will be a creator who created it. That is an issue that evolutionists do not accept and escape from. Whether they go to space imaginarily, enter under the ground, or even go out of the galaxy, they will have to accept someone who created the first living being.

61-) Question 69: Can a cell come into being spontaneously? Can Stromatolite organisms, which are regarded as the ancestors of living beings, not come into being spontaneously? How is the birth and death of cells in sea water?

Answer: Is there a single event that occurred spontaneously in the world? Can something like this be shown? That is, can something happen on its own, without a maker or a master? Human history has never witnessed such a thing so far. If there is a work, a substance, it definitely has a maker and a master. In that case, why is it claimed that a cell occurs on its own? The simplest and shortest answer to this is as follows: The basis of living beings is the cell. With the claim that the cell comes into being spontaneously, they want to impose the idea that all living beings come into being on their own, without a creator; thus, they want to distance people from the thought of the existence of a Creator.

Were they successful in it? Yes, they were. That is actually the view of the philosophy that disregards a creator and denies Him. It has been claimed for nearly two hundred years by this philosophy that beings occur spontaneously or as a work of nature. However, it is done, not in the name of denialist philosophy, but in the name of science. It is claimed that science has proved that beings occur spontaneously. However, science does not show such a thing because the alleged thing has nothing to do with reason and logic. The cell is shown as a simple structure by this philosophy. Their aim is to create the idea in the minds of those who are not involved in the issue that simple things can happen on their own. No being occurs spontaneously no matter how simple it is. Besides, the cell is alive and it is not simple.

In short, that an organism has a simple structure does not mean that it occurs on its own. There is no scientific evidence for such a claim. It is only a thought based on positivist philosophy.

A being itself has to exist first in order to form itself. How can a non-existent being make itself? A being with knowledge, will and power is necessary for the formation of another being whether it has a simple or high structure.

A Creator first wants to make or create that being; His power and knowledge have to be sufficient for it; only then can he do it. For example, can you claim that the word “Cell” is written by itself? Or, if such an opinion is put forward, can you accept it?

You cannot make even a child in elementary school accept such an idea, that is, the idea that the word “cell” is written in a notebook on its own. You know conscientiously that even a letter is not written in a notebook on its own. In that case, how do you convince your soul that a cell occurs on its own?

You have socks on your feet. Do you accept that those socks were made spontaneously? That is, can those socks happen spontaneously without a master and maker? Let alone the socks’ occurring spontaneously, do these socks cover your feet and come out of your feet on their own?

Could accepting such a superstition have anything to do with science, reason and logic? And can it be claimed that anyone who accepts this idea thinks smartly and healthily?

Besides, the cell is not such a simple substance. It looks as if there are tens of factories inside. Tens of organelles such as the mitochondria, which are power plants generating energy, ribosomes and RNAs, which play a role in the formation of nutrients, DNAs, which have an important role in the transfer and control of the genetic structure, chromosomes, which are derived from DNAs, chloroplasts, which act like a factory by converting solar energy into chemical energy in food production, and endoplasmic reticulum, where nutrients are stored and transported, are the works of Allah, who has infinite knowledge, will and power. Each of them is a separate realm in itself. There are thousands of people who became professors by examining the structure of the cell and the events that occur in it. This examination will not end until Doomsday.

Thus, the work done with science in the cell indicates the existence of a scholar/scientist who does this work. The fact that science is infinite indicates that the science of the scholar is infinite too. That everything is very planned, smooth and measured in the cell also proves that the will and power of that scholar is infinite.

If a cell occurs on its own as it is claimed, there is no need for huge research laboratories and thousands of scientists working there to research and study the cell. At least, logical and measured structures and functions are not expected in spontaneous events. Everything happens in chaos and disorder. However, the organelles in the cell are enlarged ten thousand, sometimes a hundred thousand times, and planned and measured events and logical and useful reactions in it are examined. In conclusion, it is seen that everything is planned, built and managed in the most perfect way.

Although all this is clear, to claim that the cell occurs spontaneously is definitely nonsensical and it has nothing to do with science, reason and logical thought.

There is no such thing as the birth and death of cells in sea water. In the early 1900s, the Russian scientist Operin put forward some theses to excludethe creator in the formation of cells. One of them is the view that the first cell probably occurred spontaneously in the sea. It has not been possible so far to show that a cell was formed in the sea water, whether in the present conditions or in the first atmosphere conditions. It will be not possible from now on either because nothing happens spontaneously.

Those who do not accept a creator present the nonsensical idea that beings occur on their own and their wrong ideas as science so as not to attribute creation to Allah.

If Allah wishes, He creates a single cell or a multicellular being from sea water, soil or air.

62-) Question 19: Can we liken the mud rom which Hz. Adam was created to prebioticsoup? Will you mention the evidences indicating that Hz.Adam was not created like that?

Answer: God Almighty describes the mud from which Hz. Adam was created in different ways. Some of the verses regarding the issue are as follows:

He created man from sounding clay like unto pottery.¹

Behold! Thy Lord said to the angels: ‘I am about to create man, from sounding clay from mud molded into shape’.²

Man We did create from a quintessence (of clay).³

What is the content of this mud? What elements does it contain? We do not know them. The way to understand how Allah created Hz. Adam from this mud is to look at the creation of man and other living beings today.

Let us analyze the following statement now:

It is Allah who creates the chicken from an egg with a calcified shell.

Attention is drawn to what chicken is created from here. The chicken is created with a completely different creation from the egg. To look for the feather, bone, intestines, beak and eye of the chicken in the yolk and white of the egg means not to know the creation. The same thing is valid for the creation of the first man and the creation of the present people. As a matter of fact, it is expressed as follows in a verse:

And Allah has created every living creature from water.⁴

Thus, if you look for the substances that are present in the body of man, sheep, rose or nightingale in a drop of water, it means you do not know creation. Such a deed is a sign of ignorance, not science.

Can the soil from which Hz. Adam was created be called “Prebiotic soup”?

Prebiotic means first life or life precursor. As far as it is known, there is no such sign of life in the soil from which Hz. Adam was created. Allah does not mention any soil soup. He states that He created Hz. Adam by giving life to dry soil, just like the lifeless soil today. However, the soil today acts as a mother for plants, causing the formation of living beings.

What happens if someone who is an expert in this field gives the soil from which Hz. Adam was created this name? He will be the pioneer of a view. Some people will support him. They will make some claims to prove the trueness of this view. Some others will defend the opposing view. They will claim that this thought is not true. Since no one knows the truth and since it is not possible for anyone to see and show that first creation, everyone will insist on their view. Thus, people will find themselves something to be busy with until Doomsday. While dealing with the creation of the first man, man forgets his own wise and artistic creation and the purposes of his creation and the duties he is obliged to fulfill; then, he goes to the hereafter empty-handed.

That is what Satan wants to do anyway. Satan wants to take revenge on people because he will be put in Hell since he did not prostrate before Hz. Adam, the first man. He will take revenge on people by occupying them with such unimportant things, putting their belief in danger, causing them to go to the hereafter empty-handed and eventually leading them to hell.

Evidence is requested to show that Adam was not created in this way. There cannot be such proof. It is like saying prove that I am not human. Maybe this question can be asked as follows: Prove that I am human. Then, this question will be answered considering the characteristics of humans. However, the opposite of it cannot be proved.

1.ar-Rahman, verse 14.
2.al-Hijr, verse 23.
3.al-Mu’minun, verse 12.
4.an-Nur, verse 45.

63-) Question 64: Is it true that DNAs make at least three division errors in each cell division?

Answer: That some people claim that DNA enzymes make 3 errors in each cloning shows that they do not know the cell function and DNA structure.

There are about one hundred trillion cells in man. Three thousand different reactions happen in one cell in a second. In other words, 3000 X one hundred trillion = 300 quadrillion events occur in one second in a person’s body:

There are 46 chromosomes in every cell in man. A chromosome consists of two chromatids, i.e. two DNAs. Therefore, there are 92 DNAs in a cell. If there are three errors in one DNA, there will be 92 x 3 = 276 errors in 92 DNAs. Since there are about one hundred trillion cells in man, the number of the cloning errors in DNA in a person will be 100 trillion X 276 = 2.76 quadrillion errors.

if an enzyme made three errors, as that ignorant person claims, he would have neither a mouth to ask the question nor a head. Maybe he would be a freak with his eyes on his back, his feet on his stomach and his teeth on his arm.

One should be thankful for this bounty of healthy body to his Creator, who never makes any errors in DNA enzymes; he should not be ungrateful. He should be afraid of overstepping the limits, making fun of those bounties and under underestimate them. Is that person sure that he will not have a retarded or disabled child or grandchild if the enzymes turn out to be as he said?

Thousands of cells are changing and being renewed any moment in man. He is not even aware of these changes.

Everything is calculated in detail by the being who has infinite knowledge, will and power, who loves us very much and meets all our needs all the time, thinks more than us, and does not make any mistakes and errors.

A clever person is a person who tries to see, understand the acts and activities of Allah in the world and be an addressee of Him by thanking Him.

64-) Question 65: Evolutionists mention almost 15 mechanisms that trigger evolution and they say that the percentage of mutation among evolution mechanisms is low.

Answer: Those who advocated evolution used to show mutations as the main triggering element of evolution until recently. Therefore, mutations were mentioned a lot. They have probably changed their minds now.

In fact, the phenomena that trigger evolution is not 15 as you mention, but hundreds. However, we do not deal with these triggering elements. The number of these triggering elements will increase day by day as a result of scientific studies. For, when you solve a scientific problem, at least ten or fifteen issues to be solved arise. That is, the beings in the universe are not created uniformly; they are virtually like three-dimensional objects. In other words, when you solve a scientific problem, a separate depth of one hundred meters emerges from under it. You make great efforts to understand what is shaped and how it is shaped in that a hundred-meter-deep well. Every problem you solve raises other issues. Therefore, academic studies are generally in depth, not superficial.

Think of the tooth of man as an example. It is a small piece of bone in appearance. However, that piece of bone has made hundreds of people professors. It will make hundreds and thousands more people scientists until the Day of Judgment. So is the skin of man. Even the hairs on man’s body made thousands of people professors, and it will make so many people scholars until the Day of Judgment.

That is what we want to point out and insist on, and the point where we contradict evolutionists. That is to say, there must be a scholar of this science, which is in the nature of every living being, even every being. The tooth makes hundreds and even thousands of people scholars. Both the structure and the function of the tooth have been determined by science. Understanding and solving this structure makes people scholars. So, there must be a maker of this science, that is the scholar of it. That scholar is Allah, who has infinite knowledge, power and will. Evolutionists, on the other hand, exclude Allah and attribute everything to chance and nature.

Every event has many triggers, not one. What matters is who pulls that trigger. For example, many triggers are needed for the apple tree to yield fruit. First of all, spring should come. Who will bring the spring? A certain amount of heat, light and nutrients are necessary; they need to be transported to cells; and photosynthesis is necessary in leaf cells. For all this, the sun, air and water are necessary. All these and other things we have not mentioned are the triggers of apple. Science shows all these reasons with its own methods. Studies on this will not be over. These studies will continue until Doomsday. What interests us here is who pulls the trigger.

Our lungs have been arranged according to the air in the atmosphere. The one that placed the sun in the sky is the one who places our eyes on our faces. For, our eyes have been programmed to benefit from the sun. The one that makes the tree yield fruits placed the stomach in the body. We understand from all this that the one that triggers, creates, cares and manages the entire universe is Allah, who has infinite mercy, grace and compassion, unlimited knowledge, power and will. After Allah is accepted, it will be seen that all the evolutions, revolutions and changes in the universe are His work. Then, the duties, structures of every being will be searched and revealed by scientists down to the last detail.

Since the current conflict is about the acceptance or rejection of a creator, this unfertile and unnecessary debate takes place in a field such as evolutionary mechanisms or triggers, which does not interest anyone except specialized people. Or, is there any other explanation why these subjects, each of which requires very deep expertise, should concern an ordinary person?

The whole point is to hide Allah from people. In other words, some people who adopt irreligion as their ideology present their wrong philosophers to young people under the name of scientific knowledge. They say, ‘Science tells it; they are scientific facts’. However, science does not say anything like that. They use science for their ideology. Those who have not fully grasped the issuefollow them thinking that what they say is true.

Everyone buys what they like as much as they need in the market. This is the science market. Everyone picks up the things theyneeds from here and act accordingly. As we cannot ask everyone to sell tangerines in the market, we should not expect everyone in the market to market atheism like evolutionists in the science market. While they market atheism, some people give information about Allah. Everyone is free to take whatever they want or not to take.

65-) Question 66: What determines which base or nucleotide will encode which amino acid?

Answer: What determines which base or nucleotide will encode which amino acid is the Divine. All atoms in the universe are subject to the laws of that universal and infinite knowledge and power. The formation and occurrence of all beings, the movement of atoms and their functioning in a certain place take place within the framework of the plans and programs determined by that infinite power and unlimited knowledge. For example, the whole plan and program of the fig tree is encoded inside the fig seed. Likewise, the programs of all plants are programmed in their seeds and fruits, and the plans and programs of all animals in their eggs and sperm.

In the general sense, these structures are encoded in chromosomes and hence in the DNAs that constitute the chromosomes. Those who do not accept a creator attribute this program to DNAs and call them Smart Molecules. Molecules are made up of atoms. Atoms such as carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen and phosphorus have no life, intellect and knowledge. Is it possible for these lifeless and mindless atoms to come together and become smart and knowledgeable when they form molecules? Is it possible to accept such nonsense?

To understand the issue better, we can take the carpet we weave in the machine as an example.

When we want to weave a 100-square-meter carpet with various patterns on, we prepare the program of it and load it on the computer. That program is, in a sense, the qadar (predestination) book of the carpet. That is, the carpet will be woven according to the principles in that book. It is enough for us to press a button of the computer, that is, to give the command “Be” for that carpet to be woven. A carpet is made up of threads, threads are made up of molecules and molecules are made up of atoms. The structure of patterns on the carpet, their number and the size of the carpet will be according to the program. If this carpet is woven with the speed of one meter per hour, 100 meters of it will be woven in 100 hours. With one command, “Be”, we actually give an order to billions of atoms to work in that program including those that will work hours later.

Similarly, God Almighty, who has infinite knowledge, power and will, weaves all the beings that constitute the earth carpet in the spring season, as in all seasons, within the framework of certain programs with the command He gives to the atoms.

As it can be seen, which amino acid will encode which base and which shapes they will weave depend on the plan made by the Divine will. Even a single atom in the universe cannot move outside this plan.

A virus of one or a few characters to enter a file on a computer from outside can make that file inoperable. Every being in the universe is like a file. Even if only one atom is remains unattended in the universe, everything will be turned upside down and the universe factory will become inoperable.

66-) Question 45: According to evolutionists, the taste of fruits is nice because the ancestors of humans had to live on trees and eat those fruits. They got used to their taste and find them nice. What is the truth about it?

Answer: Can people not get the taste of fruits when they are created directly as human beings? Do you need to be an animal first to know what taste the fruits have? What kind of logic and way of thinking is this? Evolutionists who put forward this claim do not hesitate to tell any lie that comes to their mind to deny Allah.

The number of fruits and vegetables created for humans is unlimited. People benefited from the fruits that grew naturally in the first periods. Over time, some of them were developed through grafting.

Say to both your own soul and those who put forward that claim; It is not so much important for animals for the fruit to be delicious. It eats both a leaf and a bitter fruit to fillits stomach. The universe was actually created for us, human beings, with its vineyards, mountains, orchards, fruits and vegetables. Allah created us, human beings perfectly and put all the universe under our command. He gave us the best eyes so that we would benefit from all beauties of the universe. He placed a tongue in our mouth so that we would enjoy everything we ate, and mind in our head so that we would contemplate our creation. He sent us a book and a prophet as a guide so that we would know Him. I will not listen to your philosophers, but listen to that guide and the book, and act upon it. Thus, I will thank my Lord for creating me as a human being and for putting all beings and blessings under my command.

67-) Question 47: What should we do to prevent Satan from confusing our minds related to the evolution of man?

Answer: Let us settle something first. Are you a paleontologist? Are you an anthropologist? Are you a biologist? In other words, do you want to exchange views with those who put forward views in the field of evolution due to your profession? Or are you a person who is not specialized in these issues and who want to believe by learning what evolutionists and creationists say about the past of man? If you are in the first group, I have nothing to say. A new opinion is put forward every day regarding the issue. You will have an opinion accordingly. In that case, you should not be worried that Satan may mislead you because these issues are a matter of view and thought rather than belief for the specialists in this field.

If you are in the second group, that is, if you want to learn about the past of man based on some facts you will obtain here and believe accordingly, you are in the wrong way. For, nobody has entered the field of philosophical thought with weak belief and has come out with strong faith up to now. This philosophical field threw some geniuses with strong belief like Ibn Sina (Avicenna) and Farabifrom cliff from the cliff, and down steep cliffs; some Islamic scholars regarded them as ordinary believers but others said they had died as unbelievers.

Now I ask you. If an anthropologist or a biologist claims that he found a few fossils in any part of the world, and that these fossils evolved from a lower living being, will you able to investigate whether this claim is true or false? Your answer will probably be “No”. Some philosophers and media groups crave for such news. They will immediately claim that it is true. Perhaps that claim will be refuted 2-3 years later. What will you do then? What philosopher will you follow?

I want to state the following briefly here: If your belief is to be shaped according to the philosophers’ claims and evidence, you have lost this case at the beginning. For, a philosopher’s view has been confirmed and approved by no other philosophers so far. They have always come up with some different interpretations and claims. The vast majority of them has not been able to attain the truth. How will they lead you to the right path?

Since you accept Satan, it means you believe in Allah. So, why are you interested in these philosophical thoughts, which often change and deny each other, to achieve sound belief? You have listened to these philosophers a hundred times about the creation and history of man; listen to Allah once. Listen to your Prophet. Allah states it very clearly that He created man in the best mold and directly as a human. Then why should Satan give you delusions regarding the issue? When you read the views of philosophers, ignore them by saying, ‘They have not yet found the truths revealed by Allah. They are walking around them.’

The main point for those who are not specialized in this field is to obtain a sound belief based on strong evidence. It is called investigative belief. After reading the books about the realities of belief and obtaining a firm belief, you can travel in these areas only to satisfy your curiosity. Otherwise, you will definitely stumble and fall if you do not come here with firm belief. One day, they may show you a proof of evolution that you may find serious and strong. Some false information can be presented to you as a great proof. Then, it will be inevitable for you to tumble down the cliff.

My humble advice to you and others like you is to stop looking for Satan in these philosophical fields, kneel before the Quran and its interpretations, and try to understand the realities of creation in them.

68-) Question 39: Why do toenails grow? Would it not have been better if they had not grown?

Answer: Nothing remains constant in our environment. Everything undergoes change all the time. Spring comes. Then, it is replaced by summer. After that, fall and winter come. One of the many reasons of it is the fact that Allah shows and reminds people of His activities and deeds in the universe. Allah replaces the winter structure of the tree with a spring dress. Thus, we are asked to know the hand of Allah behind this event.

While attention is drawn to changes in the environment in every season, people are asked to see the changes in their own bodies too. Growth of the nails should be one of those signs. What we can say about the growth of the nails here are perhaps some of the reasons Allah aims to show us. For, if there is one aspect related to humans in the creation of things, there are thousands of aspects related to Allah.

The first thing that comes to mind about the growing of the nails is that man feels the change in his own body and is reminded that his organs are renewed all the time and that he is always under the control of a creator who has power over everything. It is possible for the elements that make up the nail to form nail-like structures in the heart, eye, stomach, intestines, or inside the blood vessels. We must look at this and thank Allah that He does not create nails inside the blood vessels, or make these nails grow backwards, that is, into the foot.

If the human body was not under the control of Allah, but in the hands of coincidences as the atheist evolutionists claim, everything would be chaotic; nails could grow in the mouth and teeth could emerge in the place of nails. In this respect, we cannot thank and praise Allah enough. The most comprehensive thanking is prayer (salah).

Thus, Allah wants us to see the changes in our bodies, to know that all that is done in our bodies is necessary for the continuation of our lives and that Allah loves us very much and thinks about us more than we do.

69-) Question 42: If a protoplasmic droplet that is almost invisible is examined, it will be seen that this transparent, gelatinous substance has the ability to move and draw energy from the sun.

Answer: This philosophical thought is the view of evolutionists who do not accept Allah. They put forward not only of the superstition of a gel that spontaneously formed but alsothey suggest that this gel, which is called protoplasm, injects life into all living beings so as not to attribute life and its features to Allah. Thus, denial forces man to do such irrational and illogical deeds and to accept such superstitions.

What is meant by protoplasmic droplet is a liquid substance like egg white inside the cell. It exists in all cells. It is called protoplasm or cytoplasm. It surrounds all the organelles in the cell. All chemical events occur within this cytoplasm.

Living beings are made up of either single cells or multiple cells; every cell is alive. Cells consist of three basic parts. One of them is the outer part of the cell, which is called cell membrane, the second one is the nucleus inside, and the other one is protoplasm. The nucleus is located inside the protoplasm. There are also structures such as ribosomes, mitochondria and lysosomes in the protoplasm. All these parts of the cell are called“ cell organelles”. The structure, shape and function of each organelle in the cell is different. All of the cell organelles have vitality and life. However, life does not come from the substances inside, but from outside, to the cell and therefore to cell organelles. For, the substances that make up the organelles of the cell are non-living and lifeless elements like carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. These elements themselves and the molecules formed from them do not have the property of life.

Suppose that there are small mirrors on earth. These mirrors have the image of the sun. The sun is in these mirrors; it is visible with its light and its seven colors. The image of the sun in these mirrors will be assumed to come either directly from the sun or from the mirror itself. There is no other possibility than these two. It is impossible for the sun to come out of each mirror. The sun is one million three hundred thousand times larger than the world in terms its matter. Such a sun cannot be placed into a small piece of glass. So, the image of the sun in the mirrors does not come from inside the mirrors, but from the sun itself. Besides, the mirrors remain in darkness when the sun removes its light.

All living beings, whether at the level of organelle, or at the level of a single cell, or at the level of a multicellular high living being, are created by the manifestation of the name of Allah’s Hayy (Ever-living) directly from outside just like the image of the sun in the mirrors. It is wrong, irrational and unscientific to seek life within organelles or cells and to attribute life to those structures just like accepting the image of the sun in the mirrors to be coming from the mirror itself.

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